Investigation of the Residents’ Health Literacy Status and Its Risk Factors in Jiangsu Province of China

Background: Health literacy has become an important public health concern. However, a limited number of studies have investigated health literacy in Jiangsu Province of China. Methods: A total of 12,450 residents aged 15-69 years in Jiangsu Province were interviewed face-by-face through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The 2009 questionnaire of health literacy designed by the Ministry of Health of China was used to measure health literacy. The subjects were divided into low grade group (the comprehensive health literacy grade \u3c34 points) and high grade group (the comprehensive health literacy grade ≥ 34 points). Multiple logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results: The knowledge rates about science concept of health, literacy of preventing acute infectious disease, literacy of preventing non-communicable chronic disease, safety and first aid, obtaining and making use of basic medical care, and comprehensive literacy knowledge were 60.02%, 66.80%, 51.85%, 66.84%, 55.27% and 52.46%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that living in rural area, more numbers of household, increased age, less education, agricultural or rural migrant occupation workers, and lower family income were all risk factors for poor status of health literacy (all p values \u3c0.01). Conclusion: The general health literacy level of the residents in Jiangsu Province was low. At least 40% of residents in Jiangsu Province were deficient in health literacy. Health education and promotion intervention may be targeted in this high risk population to improve health literacy

Investigation of Residents’ Health Literacy Status and Its Risk Factors in Jiangsu Province of China

Health literacy has become an important public health concern. Multistage cluster random sampling was used to select 12 450 individuals. Using the 2009 Chinese Health Literacy questionnaire, participants were divided into groups with poor or not poor health literacy status. The knowledge rates for 6 areas of health literacy were determined with the following results: science concept of health (60.0%), literacy for preventing acute infectious disease (66.8%), literacy for preventing noncommunicable chronic disease (51.9%), safety and first aid (66.8%), obtaining and making use of basic medical care (55.3%), and comprehensive health literacy (52.5%). Multiple logistic regression showed that living in a rural area, fewer individuals in a household, younger age, low education, agricultural or rural migrant occupation workers, and low family income were associated with a poor health literacy status. Our results support the use of health education and promotion interventions to improve health literacy in this high-risk population in China

1x2 demultiplexer for a light waveguide communications system based on a holographic grating

Conference Name:Conference on Holography - Advances and Modern Trends. Conference Address: Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC. Time:APR 21-23, 2009.2-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer (Muxer/Demuxer) is a key component for bidirectional data traffics applied for optical communication. Up to date various types of Muxer/Demuxer have been proposed and demonstrated. A grating coupler diffracts light into substrates or waveguides, along which light beam propagates by total internal reflection. In addition, one can exploit the dispersive and filtering characteristics of gratings, for dropping or separating one or several wavelengths from one another. When a laser beam containing two wavelengths is striking the surface of the grating with an incident angle within certain range, four diffracted beams will be generated. If two diffracted beams, corresponding to different wavelengths, meet the condition of total internal reflection, they will propagate inside the glass substrate (performs as a waveguide). While the third one cannot meet total reflection condition, and the last one should become the evanescent wave. Therefore it can separate two signals and couple signals to different waveguides. These functions are suited for WDM application and directional couplers. For convenience sake, the visible lights at 458nm and 633nm were used as the incident laser beams. To give a simple sample for 1x2 demultiplexing system, a holographic grating was recorded, with the period around 441nm which was chose discretionally within the certain range. The primary experimental results indicate that the two-wavelength signal can be separated and coupled into the respective waveguide as long as the grating is recorded and operated complying with the certain condition. The average insertion loss and crosstalk of the device were presented in this paper

Small-angle beam deviation with high resolution using gratings

Conference Name:Conference on Holography - Advances and Modern Trends. Conference Address: Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC. Time:APR 21-23, 2009.Small-angle beam deviation has many applications and is conventionally performed by wedge prisms. The usual method suffers from a disadvantage that the manufacturing tolerances limit the resolution to about an arc second. The paper presents a new technique of using low frequency gratings to realize small-angle beam deviation with higher resolution. By rotating a grating placed in the laser beam path, the deviation of the diffracted light beams can be controlled. Using the proposed method, very small beam deviation angle can be achieved under large grating rotation angle, resulting in high reduction ratio. Theoretical analysis shows that as long as the grating period is large enough, the reduction ratio can be much higher than that given by a wedge prism. The theoretical result has been verified experimentally using a holographic grating with 7.25 mu m period placed in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Holographic fabrication of periodic structures on silicon as antireflective layers for high efficiency solar cells

Conference Name:Conference on Holography - Advances and Modern Trends. Conference Address: Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC. Time:APR 21-23, 2009.The paper presents the investigation on the anti-reflection property of 2-dimensional periodic structures on silicon surface for high efficiency solar cells. The characteristics of micron-to-submicron periodic surface-relief structures for broadband anti-reflection silicon layers are studied theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis is carried out to determine the appropriate sturcture period. Hexagonal and cross grating structures were fabricated on the surfaces of silicon wafers using hologrpahic and wet etching techniques. Measurement on the silicon wafers with fabricated structures shows significant reduction of surface reflection for the wavelength from 300 nm to 1100 nm