Attack Threat and Response Strategy of Network Security in the Background of Artificial Intelligence

In recent years, information technology has been continuously updated, bringing brand-new technology experience to people. Artificial intelligence technology, is a relatively novel technology, has a significant role in the national economic growth and social development. The Internet is the basis of artificial intelligence technology, and the Internet has the characteristics of virtual nature. Therefore, the application of artificial intelligence in people's production and life can not only promote social progress, but also may have a greater impact on network security. Under the interference of many factors, the network security is threatened by many attacks in the background of artificial intelligence

Mobile phone dependence, social support and impulsivity in Chinese university students

This study examined the frequency of mobile phone dependence in Chinese university students and explored its association with social support and impulsivity. Altogether, 909 university students were consecutively recruited from a large university in China. Mobile phone use, mobile phone dependence, impulsivity, and social support were measured with standardized instruments. The frequency of possible mobile phone use and mobile phone dependence was 78.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that compared with no mobile phone dependence, possible mobile phone dependence was significantly associated with being male (p = 0.04, OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4–0.98), excessive mobile phone use (p \u3c 0.001, OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.09–1.2), and impulsivity (p \u3c 0.001, OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.06), while mobile phone dependence was associated with length of weekly phone use (p = 0.01, OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.0), excessive mobile phone use (p \u3c 0.001, OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2–1.4), and impulsivity (p \u3c 0.001, OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.1). The frequency of possible mobile phone dependence and mobile phone dependence was high in this sample of Chinese university students. A significant positive association with impulsivity was found, but not with social support

Amygdalin isolated from Amygdalus mongolica protects against hepatic fibrosis in rats

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of amygdalin on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Amygdalin was purified and identified from the seeds of Amygdalus mongolica. Sprague Dawley rats in the control and model groups were administered water. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the low-, middle-, and high-dose amygdalin groups that received 20, 40, and 80 mg kg–1 amygdalin, respectively. whereas the silymarin group was treated with 50 mg kg–1 silymarin. The control and model groups were administered water. Liver tissue analysis revealed significantly lower activities of ALT, AST, ALP, SOD, and MDA in the drug-treated groups compared to the model group. Serum analysis revealed significantly lower HYC and C-IV in the middle-dose amygdalin-treated group compared to the model group. The histopathological changes were less severe in the drug-treated groups as observed by the formation of pseudolobuli and decreased collagen fiber deposition. Hepatic fibrosis-related genes were expressed at significantly lower levels in the amygdalin-treated groups than in the model group. Amygdalin from A. mongolica represents a therapeutic candidate for hepatic fibrosis prevention and treatment

Process Variation-Aware Compact Model of Strip Waveguides for Photonic Circuit Simulation

We report a novel process variation-aware compact model of strip waveguides that is suitable for circuit-level simulation of waveguide-based process design kit (PDK) elements. The model is shown to describe both loss and -- using a novel expression for the thermo-optic effect in high index contrast materials -- the thermo-optic behavior of strip waveguides. A novel group extraction method enables modeling the effective index's ($n_{\mathrm{eff}}$) sensitivity to local process variations without the presumption of variation source. Use of Euler-bend Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) fabricated in a 300~mm wafer run allow model parameter extraction at widths up to 2.5~$\mu$m (highly multi-mode) with strong suppression of higher-order mode excitation. Experimental results prove the reported model can self-consistently describe waveguide phase, loss, and thermo-optic behavior across all measured devices over an unprecedented range of optical bandwidth, waveguide widths, and temperatures

REFORM: Removing False Correlation in Multi-level Interaction for CTR Prediction

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a critical task in online advertising and recommendation systems, as accurate predictions are essential for user targeting and personalized recommendations. Most recent cutting-edge methods primarily focus on investigating complex implicit and explicit feature interactions. However, these methods neglect the issue of false correlations caused by confounding factors or selection bias. This problem is further magnified by the complexity and redundancy of these interactions. We propose a CTR prediction framework that removes false correlation in multi-level feature interaction, termed REFORM. The proposed REFORM framework exploits a wide range of multi-level high-order feature representations via a two-stream stacked recurrent structure while eliminating false correlations. The framework has two key components: I. The multi-level stacked recurrent (MSR) structure enables the model to efficiently capture diverse nonlinear interactions from feature spaces of different levels, and the richer representations lead to enhanced CTR prediction accuracy. II. The false correlation elimination (FCE) module further leverages Laplacian kernel mapping and sample reweighting methods to eliminate false correlations concealed within the multi-level features, allowing the model to focus on the true causal effects. Extensive experiments based on four challenging CTR datasets and our production dataset demonstrate that the proposed REFORM model achieves state-of-the-art performance. Codes, models and our dataset will be released at https://github.com/yansuoyuli/REFORM.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Depressive symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A meta-analysis of comparative studies

Depression is common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the reported prevalence across different studies is inconsistent. This meta-analysis systematically examined the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in patients with IBS. Two investigators independently performed a literature search. The pooled depressive symptom severity was calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating factors of the development of depressive symptoms. Twenty four studies (n=2,837) comparing depressive symptoms between IBS patients (n=1,775) and healthy controls (n=1,062) were identified; 14 (58.3%) studies were rated as high quality. Compared to healthy controls, IBS patients had more frequent (OR=9.21, 95%CI: 4.56-18.57, P\u3c0.001; I2=76%) and more severe depressive symptoms (n=1,480, SMD=2.02, 95%CI: 1.56-2.48, P\u3c0.001; I2=94%). Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with all IBS subtypes had more severe depressive symptoms than controls. In addition, versions of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and IBS diagnostic criteria were significantly associated with depressive symptom severity. Meta-regression analyses revealed that female gender, younger age and small sample size were significantly associated with more severe depressive symptoms. In conclusion, meta-analytic data showed that IBS patients had more frequent and severe depressive symptoms than healthy controls. Adequate screening and treatment for depression should be developed and implemented in this patient population

Analysis of 22 Elements in Milk, Feed, and Water of Dairy Cow, Goat, and Buffalo from Different Regions of China

The objectives of this study were to measure the concentrations of elements in raw milk by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and evaluate differences in element concentrations among animal species and regions of China. Furthermore, drinking water and feed samples were analyzed to investigate whether the element concentrations in raw milk are correlated with those in water and feed. All samples were analyzed by ICP-MS following microwave assisted acid digestion. The mean recovery of the elements was 98.7 % from milk, 103.7 % from water, and 93.3 % from a certified reference material (cabbage). Principal component analysis results revealed that element concentrations differed among animal species and regions. Correlation analysis showed that trace elements Mn, Fe, Ni, Ga, Se, Sr, Cs, U in water and Co, Ni, Cu, Se, U in feed were significantly correlated with those in milk (p < 0.05). Toxic and potential toxic elements Cr, As, Cd, Tl, Pb in water and Al, Cr, As, Hg, Tl in feed were significantly correlated with those in milk (p < 0.05). Results of correlation analysis revealed that elements in water and feed might contribute to the elements in milk

Parallel Fourier ptychographic microscopy for high-throughput screening with 96 cameras (96 Eyes)

We report the implementation of a parallel microscopy system (96 Eyes) that is capable of simultaneous imaging of all wells on a 96-well plate. The optical system consists of 96 microscopy units, where each unit is made out of a four element objective, made through a molded injection process, and a low cost CMOS camera chip. By illuminating the sample with angle varying light and applying Fourier Ptychography, we can improve the effective brightfield imaging numerical aperture of the objectives from 0.23 to 0.3, and extend the depth of field from ±5 μm to ±15 μm. The use of Fourier Ptychography additionally allows us to computationally correct the objectives’ aberrations out of the rendered images, and provides us with the ability to render phase images. The 96 Eyes acquires raw data at a rate of 0.7 frame per second (all wells) and the data are processed with 4 cores of graphical processing units (GPUs; GK210, Nvidia Tesla K80, USA). The system is also capable of fluorescence imaging (excitation = 465 nm, emission = 510 nm) at the native resolution of the objectives. We demonstrate the capability of this system by imaging S1P_1-eGFP-Human bone osteosarcoma epithelial (U2OS) cells

Parallel Fourier ptychographic microscopy for high-throughput screening with 96 cameras (96 Eyes)

We report the implementation of a parallel microscopy system (96 Eyes) that is capable of simultaneous imaging of all wells on a 96-well plate. The optical system consists of 96 microscopy units, where each unit is made out of a four element objective, made through a molded injection process, and a low cost CMOS camera chip. By illuminating the sample with angle varying light and applying Fourier Ptychography, we can improve the effective brightfield imaging numerical aperture of the objectives from 0.23 to 0.3, and extend the depth of field from ±5 μm to ±15 μm. The use of Fourier Ptychography additionally allows us to computationally correct the objectives’ aberrations out of the rendered images, and provides us with the ability to render phase images. The 96 Eyes acquires raw data at a rate of 0.7 frame per second (all wells) and the data are processed with 4 cores of graphical processing units (GPUs; GK210, Nvidia Tesla K80, USA). The system is also capable of fluorescence imaging (excitation = 465 nm, emission = 510 nm) at the native resolution of the objectives. We demonstrate the capability of this system by imaging S1P_1-eGFP-Human bone osteosarcoma epithelial (U2OS) cells

Characterization of Early Molecular Events in Programmed Neuronal Cell Death

To understand and elucidate biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating neuronal cell death, an in vitro model system was established using differentiated pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Introducing the proto-oncogene bcl-2 into these cells using a retroviral vector blocked cell death caused by growth factor deprivation. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays were used to investigate early molecular changes occurring in programmed cell death induced by removing nerve growth factor (NGF). Within 2 hours of removing NGF, binding to the octamer sequence decreased, after 5-7 hours an increase in binding to cAMP responsive enhancer element (CRE) occurred, and after 14 hours (the point at which 50% of the cells are committed to die) a decrease in binding to the Sp1 sequence occurred. Assays performed with extracts from sympathetic ganglia indicated that changes in binding to CRE and octamer motifs also occurred during the period of developmental cell death in vivo. Double-stranded oligonucleotides were delivered into neurons to sequester transcription factors and act as dominant negative promoters . Double-stranded octamer oligonucleotides increased death of neurons, whereas other double-stranded oligonucleotides or a mutant octamer oligonucleotide had little or no effect on cell death. Most of the induced death could be blocked with NGF, which is consistent with oligonucleotides activating an endogenous death program rather than having a nonspecific toxic effect. A subtracted cDNA library was constructed, and a series of screens were performed to identify cDNAs increased in early stages of death. Several clones were selected and verified using Northern blots. Sequence analysis showed that some of the cDNAs were identical to known genes, while others appeared to be novel. One of the cDNAs, p180, increased in sympathetic ganglia during the period of neuronal death, while two others, p117 and p160, were up-regulated in PC12 cells induced to die with the neurotoxin A$\beta$25-35. Since these three cDNAs are up-regulated in dying cells in more than one cell death paradigm, they may represent components of a common cell death pathway