Synthesis of Some Organic Conductive Materials

The primary goal in conducting the experimental work involved in the formulating of this thesis was to synthesize some organic conducting compounds by utilizing the highly electronegative 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethan complexed with some completely conjugated benzologs of the quinolizinium ion. The history is divided into three parts, the first part describing the electronic properties of organic conducting polymers, the second part dealing with anion-radical derivatives and complexes of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethan, the third part describing some benzologs of the quinolizinium ion. 1. Electronic Properties of Organic Conducting Polymers One of the most important problems of present-day chemistry is the creation of new substances and materials possessing a series of valuable properties. Particularly great prospects have been opened in the synthesis and study of organic compounds possessing extensively delocalized electrons because of the presence in them of highly conjugated double bonds or the formation of charge transfer complexes. Although in recent years the study of semi conductive properties of organic compounds has made much progress, most of the exact mechanisms involved in the electronic conducting processes are at the present time either not known at all or else poorly understood. Generally, the semi conductive polymers can be classified as follows: (a) covalent organic polymers, (b) charge-transfer complexes, (c) metal organic polymers, (d) H-bonded polymers, and (e) mixed polymers, for example, charge transfer complexes between covalent polymers and low molecular weight donor or acceptor molecules. The main efforts of synthetic chemists working in this field have been devoted to obtaining stable polymers of low resistance. As a working hypothesis, Pohl proposed the idea of eka- and rubi- conjugation. Rubi-conjugation was defined as a type of structure in which various molecular defects and quantum mechanical effects exist which produce a limited, or broken sequence of electronic delocalization. Such conjugation was to be avoided if strong electronic conduction was desired. In eka-conjugation, molecular defects were absent or suppressed, and full interlinking of the chain atom pi orbitals occurred. Long-range electron orbital delocalization was then possible

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies

Cis, Isotactic Selective ROMP of Norbornenes Fused with N-Arylpyrrolidines. Double Stranded Polynorbornene-Based Ladderphanes with Z-Double Bonds

Upon treatment with a molybdenum-carbene with bidentate substituted biaryl-o,o′-diphenoxide ligand 12, norbornene fused with N-aryl-endo-pyrrolidine 9a undergoes ROMP to give exclusively polynorbornene with cis, isotactic-selectivity. Bis(norbornenes) connected with ferrocene 18 or benzene 20 linkers yield the corresponding double-stranded ladderphanes 19 and 21, respectively with isotactic stereochemistry having all double bonds in Z-configuration. Like the corresponding ladderphanes with E-double bonds, ladderphane 19 also assembles on HOPG to give a highly ordered two-dimensional array as revealed by STM images

Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations

To evaluate associations by EGFR mutation status for lung adenocarcinoma risk among never-smoking Asian women, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11 loci previously identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping in an additional 10,780 never-smoking cases and 10,938 never-smoking controls from Asia confirmed associations with eight known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two new signals were observed at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), namely, rs7216064 (17q24.3, BPTF), for overall lung adenocarcinoma risk, and rs3817963 (6p21.3, BTNL2) which is specific to cases with EGFR mutations. In further sub-analyses by EGFR status, rs9387478 (ROS1/DCBLD1) and rs2179920 (HLA-DPB1) showed stronger estimated associations in EGFR-positive compared to EGFR-negative cases. Comparison of the overall associations with published results in Western populations revealed that the majority of these findings were distinct, underscoring the importance of distinct contributing factors for smoking and non-smoking lung cancer. Our results extend the catalogue of regions associated with lung adenocarcinoma in non-smoking Asian women and highlight the importance of how the germline could inform risk for specific tumour mutation patterns, which could have important translational implications

Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations

To evaluate associations by EGFR mutation status for lung adenocarcinoma risk among never-smoking Asian women, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11 loci previously identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping in an additional 10,780 never-smoking cases and 10,938 never-smoking controls from Asia confirmed associations with eight known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two new signals were observed at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), namely, rs7216064 (17q24.3, BPTF), for overall lung adenocarcinoma risk, and rs3817963 (6p21.3, BTNL2) which is specific to cases with EGFR mutations. In further sub-analyses by EGFR status, rs9387478 (ROS1/DCBLD1) and rs2179920 (HLA-DPB1) showed stronger estimated associations in EGFR-positive compared to EGFR-negative cases. Comparison of the overall associations with published results in Western populations revealed that the majority of these findings were distinct, underscoring the importance of distinct contributing factors for smoking and non-smoking lung cancer. Our results extend the catalogue of regions associated with lung adenocarcinoma in non-smoking Asian women and highlight the importance of how the germline could inform risk for specific tumour mutation patterns, which could have important translational implications

Multiplatform analysis of 12 cancer types reveals molecular classification within and across tissues of origin

© 2014 Elsevier Inc. Recent genomic analyses of pathologically defined tumor types identify 'within-a-tissue' disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-oforigin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head and neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pancancer subtypes. The multiplatform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All data sets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies