An Ecosystem Service Value Model to Quantify Eco-environment Cost

With the development of society, ecological environmental protection has become more and more important. In this paper, an Ecosystem Service Value Model (ESVM) was developed to quantify the value of all types of ecosystem services. Through the ecosystem service value evaluation index system we established, we determined ecosystem service value equivalent factors of different ecosystem services. Then we combine the baseline value of the ecosystem service value equivalent factor to determine the ecosystem service value per unit area of different ecosystems. The amount of ecological service value reduction can be calculated with the amount of change in ecosystem area caused by land use projects. Ecological costs are equal to the reduction in the value of ecosystem services. The true economic cost of land use project consists of two parts: project construction cost and ecological cost. The model established in this paper considers the effects of time changes. And the introduction of dynamic adjustment of biomass changes and dynamic adjustment of currency changes make the model more adaptable to time changes. The research can evaluate the value of ecosystem services, which promotes the harmonious development of human and ecological environment

Anomalous pressure behavior of tangential modes in single-wall carbon nanotubes

Using the molecular dynamics simulations and the force constant model we have studied the Raman-active tangential modes (TMs) of a (10, 0) single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) under hydrostatic pressure. With increasing pressure, the atomic motions in the three TMs present obvious diversities. The pressure derivative of E1g, A1g, and E2g mode frequency shows an increased value (), a constant value (), and a negative value () above 5.3 GPa, respectively. The intrinsic characteristics of TMs consumedly help to understand the essence of the experimental T band of CNT. The anomalous pressure behavior of the TMs frequencies may be originated from the tube symmetry alteration from D10h to D2h then to C2h.Comment: 15 pages, 3 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Non-Abelian vortices in the emergent U(2) gauge theory of the Hubbard model

By the spin-fermion formula, the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice is represented by a U(2) gauge theory in the mean field method, non-Abelian vortex solutions are constructed based on this theory. The quantization condition shows that the magnetic flux quanta are half-integer. There are $2k$ bosonic zero modes for $k$ winding vortices. For the fermions, there are 2 zero energy states (ZESs) corresponding to the single elementary vortex. In the vortex core and on the edge, the system are in the semi-metal phase with a spin gap and in the insulator phase with N\'eel order phase, and can be mapped to the superconductor in class A and CI, respectively.Comment: 4pages, 2table

Protective effect of ginkgolide B against isoproterenolinduced chronic heart failure in rats via modulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways

Purpose: To determine the protective effect of ginkgolide B (GB) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic heart failure in a rat model. Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in control group received only saline, while rats in GB alone group were injected with GB at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (bwt) intraperitoneally (i.p). Another group of rats was injected with ISO  subcutaneously (s.c.) at a dose of 85 mg/kg for 2 days (ISO group). Rats in the GB+ISO group were administered GB at a dose of 20 mg/kg, i.p., for 7 days prior to exposure to ISO s.c. at a dose of 85 mg/kg. Results: Rats pre-treated with GB for 7 days prior to ISO exposure showed a significant decrease in cardiac infarct size, and marked decreases in the levels of cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05), but significant improvement in the levels ofendogenous antioxidants (p < 0.05). In addition, GB administration resulted in marked increases in the protein expression levels of heme  oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Nrf2 in cardiac tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that pre-treatment of chronic heart failure rats with GB for 7 consecutive days considerably lowered inflammatory and apoptotic markers via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Thus, GB has cardioprotective potential in humans. Keywords: Ginkgolide B, Nrf2/HO-1, Inflammatory markers, Apoptotic markers, Antioxidant

Numerical simulation of Quasi-Normal Modes in time-dependent background

We study the massless scalar wave propagation in the time-dependent Schwarzschild black hole background. We find that the Kruskal coordinate is an appropriate framework to investigate the time-dependent spacetime. A time-dependent scattering potential is derived by considering dynamical black hole with parameters changing with time. It is shown that in the quasinormal ringing both the decay time-scale and oscillation are modified in the time-dependent background.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; reference adde

5-Methyl 3-(2-methyl­prop-3-yl) 2,6-di­methyl-4-(2-nitro­sophen­yl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C20H22N2O5, a photo-degradation product of the hypertension drug nisoldipine, the dihedral angle between the nitro­sophenyl ring and the pyridine ring is 75.7 (3)°. In the crystal structure, weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to establish the packing

THE PREDICTION OF FATIGUE-RELATED MUSCLE ADAPTATION IN DIFFERENT WORKLOAD DURING CYCLING ROWING EXERCISE

The purpose of this study was to identify the fatigue-related muscles during the different percentage of the maximal workload. Seven subjects were recruited and, firstly, performed the maximal workload test for 3 minutes. After 24 hours, the different workload tests (60%, 70% and 80% of the maximal workload) were used to reveal the fatigue-related muscle. The result showed that the biceps and triceps had the extreme contribution at the minor and greater workload. However, the neuromuscular fatigue threshold (NFT) is to predict the possibly fatigue muscle condition during the entire exercise. And the most contribution of the EMG expression didn’t stand for the greater value of the EMG number