U.S. LARP Magnet program

Progress and plans for the U.S. LARP R&D work are summarized. Results to date for work on materials and model magnets are presented in more detail

Direct wind slim quadrupoles for an LHC upgrade

Slim quadrupoles, located inside ATLAS and CMS, have recently been discussed as a new option for an upgrade to the LHC luminosity. Locations inside the experiments where such magnets might be located have been identified. This paper outlines how such magnets could be made using the “direct wind” technology at BNL

Field quality in the twin aperture D2 dipoles for LHC under asymmetric excitation

Twin aperture D2 magnets are one of the several types of dipoles to be built by BNL for the interaction regions of LHC. To minimize the number of dipole correctors required in the interaction regions, D2 will also be used as part of the steering system. Consequently, the operating fields in the two apertures may differ by up to ~10at 7 TeV operation and ~33at injection in order to compensate for the strengths of the correctors that would otherwise be required. Such asymmetric excitation of the two apertures may induce undesirable field harmonics. The saturation behavior of various harmonics is studied using POISSON and OPERA-2D. It is shown that the changes in harmonics resulting from the anticipated asymmetry are within tolerable limits. (2 refs)

Cored Rutherford cables for the GSI fast ramping synchrotron

The new heavy ion synchrotron facility proposed by GSI will have two superconducting magnet rings in the same tunnel, with rigidities of 200 T/spl middot/m and 100 T/spl middot/m. Fast ramp times are needed, which can cause significant problems for the magnets, particularly in the areas of ac loss and field distortion. This paper discusses the 200 T/spl middot/m ring, which will use Cos/spl theta/ magnets based on the RHIC dipole design. We discuss the reasons for choosing Rutherford cable with a resistive core and report loss measurements carried out on cable samples. These measurements are compared with theoretical calculations using measured values of inter-strand resistance. Reasonably good agreement is found, but there are indications of nonuniformity in the adjacent resistance R/sub a/. Using these measured parameters, losses and temperature rise are calculated for a RHIC dipole in the operating cycle of the accelerator. A novel insulation scheme designed to promote efficient cooling is described

A Cross-Over in the Enstrophy Decay in Two-Dimensional Turbulence in a Finite Box

The numerical simulation of two-dimensional decaying turbulence in a large but finite box presented in this paper uncovered two physically different regimes of enstrophy decay. During the initial stage, the enstrophy, generated by a random Gaussian initial condition, decays as t^{-gamma} with gamma approximately 0.7-0.8. After that, the flow undergoes a transition to a gas or fluid composed of distinct vortices. Simultaneously, the magnitude of the decay exponent crosses over to gamma approximately 0.4. An exact relation for the total number of vortices, N(t), in terms of the mean circulation of an individual vortex is derived. A theory predicting that N(t) is proportional to t^{-xi} and the magnitudes of exponents gamma=2/5 and xi=4/5 is presented and the possibility of an additional very late-time cross-over to gamma=1/3 and xi=2/3 is also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Characteristics of obstetric patients referred to intensive care in an Australian tertiary hospital

Background: The low mortality rate of 8.4 deaths per 100 000 women giving birth in Australia is well described; however, less is known about the spectrum of morbidity evident in pregnant and postpartum women admitted to an intensive care unit. Aim: A detailed description of the demographics, comorbidities, diagnoses and interventions of pregnant and postpartum women admitted to an Australian intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a large metropolitan hospital co-located with a quaternary-level maternity hospital. The participants were women admitted to intensive care between 1 January 2007 and 30 June 2009 who were pregnant at any gestational age, or within 6 weeks postpartum. Results Two hundred and forty-nine women were admitted to ICU within the study period constituting 19% of all ICU admissions. The main reasons for admission were hypertensive disease of pregnancy and obstetric haemorrhage. The median (range) age was 32 (17–51) years, and ICU duration was 32 (8–228) h. The median APACHE III-J severity of illness score was 32 (8–80). Almost one-quarter of admissions could be classified as primarily observational. The most common interventions in ICU were invasive arterial pressure monitoring, central venous access with pressure monitoring and magnesium infusions. One-fifth of admissions were invasively ventilated. Conclusion A substantial number of pregnant and postpartum women admitted to ICU did not receive interventions typical of other critical illness, such as mechanical ventilation, inotropes or renal replacement therapy. This confounds the use of an ICU admission as a measure of maternal morbidity

On quality control procedures for solar radiation and meteorological measures, from subhourly to montly average time periods

International audienceMeteorological data measured by ground stations are often a key element in the development and validation of methods exploiting satellite images. These data are considered as a reference against which satellite-derived estimates are compared. Long-term radiation and meteorological measurements are available from a large number of measuring sta- tions. However, close examination of the data often reveals a lack of quality, often for extended periods of time. This lack of quality has been the reason, in many cases, of the rejection of large amount of available data. The quality data must be checked before their use in order to guarantee the inputs for the methods used in modelling, monitoring, forecast, etc. To control their quality, data should be submitted to several conditions or tests. After this checking, data that are not flagged by any of the test is released as a plausible data. In this work, it has been performed a bibliographical research of quality control tests for the common meteoro- logical variables (ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) and for the usual solar radiometrical variables (horizontal global and diffuse components of the solar radiation and the beam normal component). The different tests have been grouped according to the variable and the average time period (sub-hourly, hourly, daily and monthly averages). The quality test may be classified as follows: * Range checks: test that verify values are within a specific range. There are two types of range checks, those based on extrema and those based on rare observations. * Step check: test aimed at detecting unrealistic jumps or stagnation in the time series. * Consistency checks: test that verify the relationship between two or more time series. The gathered quality tests are applicable for all latitudes as they have not been optimized regionally nor seasonably with the aim of being generic. They have been applied to ground measurements in several geographic locations, what result in the detection of some control tests that are no longer adequate, due to different reasons. After the modification of some test, based in our experience, a set of quality control tests is now presented, updated according to technology advances and classified. The presented set of quality tests allows radiation and meteorological data to be tested in order to know their plausibility to be used as inputs in theoretical or empirical methods for scientific research. The research leading to those results has partly receive funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement no. 262892 (ENDORSE projec