Genetic diversity and structure of the portuguese pear (Pyrus communis L.) germplasm

A rich heritage of traditional pear varieties is kept in national Portuguese collections. Out of these varieties, “Rocha” dominates national pear production. Although a noticeable phenotypic variation among clones of this variety has been reported, little is known about its genetic variability, as to date molecular studies have been performed on a single “Rocha” clone. Eleven Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 130 local cultivars, 80 of them being “Rocha” clones. The results allowed the di erentiation of 75 genotypes of which 29 are “Rocha”. Three synonyms groups and four homonymous groups of other local varieties were confirmed. A Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified two distinct clusters. Using flow cytometry, six cultivars were found to be triploids. These results show high genetic variability among “Rocha” clones. In conclusion, there is a need for di erent “Rocha” clones to be preserved to enable the correct selection of the multiplication materialinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Large-scale screening of unknown varieties in a grapevine intra-varietal variability collection

Since the last decade of the last century, it is known that many old grapevine varieties are descendants of other varieties through natural crossing. Portugal has an important program for the conservation of representative samples of intra-varietal variability of all autochthonous varieties, managed by the Portuguese Association for Grapevine Diversity (PORVID), which makes looking for genotypes with dubious identification an important activity from a perspective of its valorisation. This communication presents the results of the molecular analysis of 5,000 samples (accessions) from the PORVID’s collection, using nine microsatellite loci currently recommended by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) for genetic grapevine identification. The results obtained confirmed the molecular identity of 4,220 samples corresponding to 214 varieties present in the official list of Portuguese varieties. In 780 samples, 95 profiles with a plural number of accessions revealed not to be listed in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) database, corresponding to possible varieties either descendent from natural crossing from at least one known parental variety, or from undetermined origin. Furthermore, the need for a comprehensive strategy aimed at uncovering other hidden varieties is discussed to prevent their imminent loss, deepen understanding of their origin, and add economic value and sustainability to the vine and wine sector

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Leaf traits explaining the growth of tree species planted in a Central Amazonian disturbed area

Tree species selected for planting should exhibit both high survival and fast growth. The growth of a tree or forest plantation is affected by the resource supply (light, water and nutrients), the fraction of resources acquired and resource use efficiency. Leaf traits related to the last two processes have the potential to explain the growth rates. In this study, we evaluated 24 leaf traits (morphological and physiological) at the individual level to investigate whether simple leaf traits can be used to predict the variation in relative growth rates of eight native tree species in a mixed plantation in disturbed areas in Central Amazonia 15 months after planting. Tachigali vulgaris and Trattinnickia rhoifolia exhibited the highest growth rates in both height and diameter, which were approximately three and two times higher than those of Bombacopsis macrocalyx, respectively. Species exhibited different establishment strategies as indicated by the functional leaf trait performance. Tachigali vulgaris, Ochroma pyramidale, Trattinnickia rhoifolia and Ceiba pentandra are efficient resource use species, have high light-saturated photosynthetic rates and are tolerant to high irradiance stress. Endlicheria anomala exhibited the worst performance based on functional traits, with the lowest light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM). Of all traits analyzed, 12 leaf traits were correlated with the relative growth rate (RGR). Leaf traits related to resource acquisition, such as individual leaf area, chlorophyll content, leaf water potential and leaf nutrient concentration, were not good predictors of growth. Only stomatal conductance (gs) was related to the RGR. Leaf traits related to photosynthetic use efficiency (carbon use efficiency and photosynthetic nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency) explained, on average, 20% and 30% of tree growth in height and diameter, respectively. Resource use efficiency traits were better predictors of growth than the individual physiological traits gs and Amax, which explained, on average, 12% and 19% of the growth in height and diameter, respectively. Photosynthetic efficiency-related traits are good predictors of tree growth, and species with high efficiency – such as T. vulgaris, O. pyramidale, T. rhoifolia and C. pentandra – can achieve high growth in Amazonian disturbed areas. The identification of species with better performance during initial establishment can improve the design of mixture plantations in disturbed areas. Additionally, the selection of traits most correlated with growth performance can be more informative for reforestation monitoring; consequently, previous silvicultural interventions can be adopted prior to the reduction in both growth and survival rates. © 2018 Elsevier B.V