Transesterification Of Virgin And Waste Cooking Palm Oil Using Calcium Oxide Catalyst Supported On Activated Carbon.

Dalam penyelidikan ini, metil ester (ME) telah dihasilkan daripada minyak masak kelapa sawit yang baru (VPO) dan sisa (WPO) dengan menggunakan sejenis pemangkin yang baru dijana iaitu kalsium oksida disokong oleh karbon teraktif (CaO/AC) sebagai pemangkin heterogen. In this present study, methyl ester (ME) was produced by transesterification of virgin cooking palm oil (VPO) and waste cooking palm oil (WPO) using newly developed calcium oxide catalyst supported on activated carbon (CaO/AC) as a heterogeneous catalyst

Fe-Kuala Kangsar clay as heterogeneous catalyst for fenton-like decolorization of dyeing wastewater / Hamizura Hassan and Wan Zuraida Wan Kamis

Dyes in wastewater can create aesthetic problems, limit the possible use of water and obstruct the light penetration and oxygen transfer into water bodies, hence affecting the aquatic life. The Fenton process has long-established credibility in the field of environmental remediation for nonbiodegradable pollutants. However, the overall efficiency of homogeneous Fenton is limited with significant disadvantages like generated iron hydroxide sludge and tight range of pH. Heterogeneous Fenton emerged as an interesting ways to overcome these limitations by the usage of Fenton-like heterogeneous catalyst. In heterogeneous solid catalyst, the iron species is "immobilized" on the solid supports or within the structure and in the pore/interlayer of the catalyst. Being inexpensive and widely available, clays represents an attractive supports for iron immobilization. Therefore this study focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts from the low cost material, which is Kuala Kangsar clay. The efficiency of this heterogeneous catalyst will be tested on decolorization of model real textile wastewater that is Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by making use of a Fenton-like process. This catalyst (Fe-Kuala Kangsar clay) will be prepared by impregnation method in which iron ion act as catalyst is attached on the supported catalyst (Kuala Kangsar clay). The prepared catalyst is characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Elemental chemical analysis (EDX), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of different reaction parameters such as different ion loading on supported catalyst, catalyst dosage, initial pH, and initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide and dye on the decolorization of RB5 will be assessed. It is expected that Fe- Kuala Kangsar clay catalyst possess a potential to treat RB 5 solution and this could give an added value since it is natural, abundant, low cost and environmentally friendly

Measuring program attainments (POs) of Bachelor of Chemical Engineering (Environment) using OBE – ANAS v14.0 tool / Mohaiyedin Idris... [et al.]

Education system is recognised around the globe as an important element for a country’s development. Therefore, the prominence of education system around the world cannot be denied. In order to empower the education, the concept of Outcome Based Education (OBE) was first initiated by the academicians (who in particular?). Malaysia is also in line with other countries which pay close attention to the importance of OBE impact in the higher education institutions. The OBE implementation plays an important role in defining skills (psychomotor), knowledge (cognitive) and behavior (affective) for each graduate attributes. This paper is written to measure the program outcomes (POs) of Bachelor of Chemical Engineering (Enviroment) with honors (EH224) for its accreditation purpose. OBE concept system consists of significant aspects for measuring, monitoring and evaluating to determine whether or not the POs are attainable in producing the competencies of the selected graduates. The tool to fulfill the measuring POs is worked out by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering OBE committee members and known as OBE-ANAS system. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed based on the Microsoft Visual C# programming language and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 (MSSQL 2012) is used as a database system. The tool is useful for measuring POs parameters such as POs average, POs density, individual POs and then, measuring the programme strength by implementing the measurement model which is the Degree of Programme Achievement (DPA)

Effect of xylanase immobilisation conditions by combination of entrapment and covalent binding on alginate beads

The immobilisation of enzymes offer improvement in enzyme stability and characteristics as well as overcome the limitations of free enzyme systems for commercial purposes. In the current study, xylanase was immobilised using a combination technique of entrapment and covalent binding within and onto calcium alginate beads. The sodium alginate and calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration used for the preparation of alginate beads which is the support matrix for xylanase immobilisation were fixed at 3% (w/v) and 0.3 M, respectively. The effect of immobilisation conditions (agitation rate, enzyme loading, and glutaraldehyde concentration) were studied using One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) approach. The best condition for optimum immobilisation yield (83.93%) was found to be made up of the following parameter combination: agitation rate, 200 rpm; xylanase loading, 200 U; and glutaraldehyde concentration, 12% (w/w). The study shows the immobilisation conditions play a significant role towards the immobilisation yield of xylanase