Accident prediction model at un-signalized intersections using multiple regression method

Nowadays, accident increased relatively from year to year although many programs have been carried out by the authority in order to reduce the number of accident. In Johor areas, seventeen accident hotspots have been identified in the state. The road accident increase proportionate to growth in population, economic in development, industrialization and motorization that encountered by the country. The roadway geometric and traffic condition are among important factors in causes to traffic accidents. Field work is carried out to collect data such as traffic volume, mean speed of vehicles, lane width, shoulder width, lane used, number of intersection and also number legs intersection at the selected locations. Metrocount and odometer were used for this purpose. By considering the factors that contribute to the accident, this study was carried out to develop the accident prediction model using Multiple Regression approach. Accident prediction models are invaluable tools that have many applications in road safety analysis. In accident analysis, statistical models have been used in highway and traffic safety studies. From the results shows that accident point weigtage can be explained by increase of traffic volume and vehicle speed in Federal Route 001 and Federal Route 024 are the contributors to traffic accidents. Meanwhile, an increment of lane width and shoulder width will reduce the weighting point rates Finally, the Accident Prediction Model developed in this study not only can be used to reduce the number of accidents in the future but also for intersection treatment or upgrading. Using the model, appropriate design parameters of un-signalized intersection could be specified

Strength enhancement of concrete using incinerated agricultural waste as supplementary cement materials

Abstract The potassium (K) and sodium (Na) elements in banana are needed for hydration reaction that can enhance the strength properties of concrete. This research aims (a) to determine the material engineering properties of banana skin ash (BSA) and concrete containing BSA, (b) to measure the strength enhancement of concrete due to BSA, and (c) to identify optimal application of BSA as supplementary cement materials (SCM) in concrete. The BSA characterization were assessed through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Blaine’s air permeability. The workability, compressive strength, and microstructures of concrete containing BSA were analysed using slump test, universal testing machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 15 oxides and 19 non-oxides elements were identified in BSA with K (43.1%) the highest and Na was not detected. At 20 g of mass, the BSA had a higher bulk density (198.43 ± 0.00 cm3) than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (36.32 ± 0.00 cm3) indicating availability of large surface area for water absorption. The concrete workability was reduced with the presence of BSA (0% BSA: > 100 mm, 1% BSA: 19 ± 1.0 mm, 2%: 15 ± 0.0 mm, 3% BSA: 10 ± 0.0 mm). The compressive strength increased with the number of curing days. The concrete microstructures were improved; interfacial transition zones (ITZ) decreased with an increase of BSA. The optimal percentage of BSA obtained was at 1.25%. The established model showed significant model terms (Sum of Squares = 260.60, F value = 69.84) with probability of 0.01% for the F-value to occur due to noise. The established model is useful for application in construction industries

Cyclic Path Planning Of Hyper-Redundant Manipulator Using Whale Optimization Algorithm

This paper develops a path planning algorithm of hyper-redundant manipulators to achieve a cyclic property. The basic idea is based on a geometrical analysis of a 3-link planar series manipulator in which there is an orientation angle boundary of a prescribed path. To achieve the repetitive behavior, for hyper-redundant manipulators consisting of 3-link components, an additional path is chosen in such away so that it is a repetitive curve which has the same curve frequency with the prescribed end- effector path. To solve the redundancy resolution, meta-heuristic optimizations, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), are applied to search optimal trajectories inside local orientation angle boundaries. Results show that using constant of the local orientation angle trajectories for the 3-link component, the cyclic properties can be achieved. The performance of the WOA shows very promising result where generally it obtains the lowest fitness value as compare with the GA. Depending on the complexity of the path planning, dividing the path into several stages via intermediate points may be necessary to achieve the good posture. The performance of the swarm based meta-heuristic optimization, namely the WOA, shows very promising result where generally it obtains the lowest fitness value as compare with the GA. Using the developed approach, not only the cyclic property is obtained but also the optimal movement of the hyperredundant manipulator is achieve

Public Awareness and Practices Towards Self-Medication with Antibiotics Among Malaysian Population: Questionnaire Development and Pilot Testing

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