Microemulsion with ester in mixed surfactants and its association with betulinic acid

The phase behaviour of Tween 80IBrij 301H20 and Tween 80/Brij 30/glycerol was constructed to determine the isotropic region produced by the mixed surfactants (MS) - Tween 80:Brij 30 - in aqueous and nonaqueous systems. The weight ratios of 90: 10, 80:20 and 60:40 Tween 80:Brij 30 were selected for further construction of MS systems of MA or EB/Tween 80:Brij 30lwater and MA or EB/Tween 80:Brij 30/glycerol. M S in aqueous systems produced a larger isotropic region than the single phase MA or EB/Tween 80lwater and MA or EB/Brij 30lwater systems. The system of MA/Tween 80:Brij 30 (90: 10, 80:20 and 6O:40)lwater was then studied to determine the surfactants' aggregation and their association with BA. The conductivity was measured to assess the charge carrier and the movement of ions in the system. The structure of the isotropic region was also deterrnined. A reverse micelle (w/o micromulsion), bicontinuous structure and micelle (o/w microemulsion) formed in the range of 20 - 40wt%, 40 - 60wt% and >60wt% water, respectively. However, the MA/Tween 80:Brij 30 (80:20)/water system did not form a micelle. The results were confirmed by light scattering measurement in which the particle size in each region was determined. BA was more soluble in the system with higher Tween 80. The solubility of BA increased with the MA content and decreased with the water content. In the antimicrobial study, 0.01 wt% BA in the microemulsion MA/Tween 80:Brij 30 (80:20)/water was more active against Candida lipolytica ATCC 2075 than the pure microemulsion itself. A higher mixed surfactant content (20:80 weight ratio of MA and MS) gave better activity than a lower one (50 :50 weight ratio). BA in the reverse micelle region gave the highest activity compared to in the monomer and bicontinuous regions. The cytotoxicity study produced unexpected results. The microemulsion systems were very active and killed all the cells (CEM-SS) leaving no control data with which to assess the cytotoxicity

Emulsion Properties of Mixed Tween20-Span20 in Non-Aqueous System

Oil-in-glycerol (O/G) emulsion was prepared in the presence of different weight ratios of mixed Tween20-Span20 surfactants. O/G emulsion was observed to form below 50 wt% of oil content at 3 wt% of mixed Tween20Span20 surfactants. Physical properties of the emulsion were determined by using a microscope, particle counting and rheological measurement. An attempt to correlate HLB values of mixed Tween20-Span20 with emulsion stability was also carried out

Synthesis and Application of Zinc Layered Hydroxide: A Short Review

Zinc Layered hydroxide (ZLH) is a layered material easily synthesized with a structure identical to brucite-like material. Due to the exchangeable anions in the interlayer compensating for the positive charge of a brucite-type layer, ZLH provides a wide application in many fields. This review focuses on the properties and method of synthesis of ZLH by giving an overview of intercalated guest anion in the interlayer of ZLH. The further discussion involved the application of intercalated guest anion in zinc layered hydroxide layer and its properties as a sensitizer, controlled release biomedical, and agriculture to provide the scientific community for research and development by giving current findings. This brief review also presents the success of anion intercalation for controlled release along with the kinetic model involved, which increases the bioavailability and effectiveness of the nanocomposite on its target. It shows the development of research on ZLH nanocomposites toward the sustainability of human life and the environment. This study implies that it is a source of knowledge for researchers about zinc-layered hydroxide materials involving synthesis methods and their application to produce more beneficial nanomaterials