26,176 research outputs found
Asymmetric Hydrogenation in Water by a Rhodium Complex of Sulfonated 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (binap)
The synthesis of sulfonated 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (binap) is reported; a rhodium complex of this ligand is the first to perform asymmetric hydrogenation in neat water with optical yields as high as those obtained in nonaqueous solvent
Counting Value Sets: Algorithm and Complexity
Let be a prime. Given a polynomial in \F_{p^m}[x] of degree over
the finite field \F_{p^m}, one can view it as a map from \F_{p^m} to
\F_{p^m}, and examine the image of this map, also known as the value set. In
this paper, we present the first non-trivial algorithm and the first complexity
result on computing the cardinality of this value set. We show an elementary
connection between this cardinality and the number of points on a family of
varieties in affine space. We then apply Lauder and Wan's -adic
point-counting algorithm to count these points, resulting in a non-trivial
algorithm for calculating the cardinality of the value set. The running time of
our algorithm is . In particular, this is a polynomial time
algorithm for fixed if is reasonably small. We also show that the
problem is #P-hard when the polynomial is given in a sparse representation,
, and is allowed to vary, or when the polynomial is given as a
straight-line program, and is allowed to vary. Additionally, we prove
that it is NP-hard to decide whether a polynomial represented by a
straight-line program has a root in a prime-order finite field, thus resolving
an open problem proposed by Kaltofen and Koiran in
\cite{Kaltofen03,KaltofenKo05}
Universality of the edge tunneling exponent of fractional quantum Hall liquids
Recent calculations of the edge tunneling exponents in quantum Hall states
appear to contradict their topological nature. We revisit this issue and find
no fundamental discrepancies. In a microscopic model of fractional quantum Hall
liquids with electron-electron interaction and confinement, we calculate the
edge Green's function via exact diagonalization. Our results for
and 2/3 suggest that in the presence of Coulomb interaction, the sharpness of
the edge and the strength of the edge confining potential, which can lead to
edge reconstruction, are the parameters that are relevant to the universality
of the electron tunneling I-V exponent.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
The equivariant K-theory of toric varieties
This paper contains two results concerning the equivariant K-theory of toric
varieties. The first is a formula for the equivariant K-groups of an arbitrary
affine toric variety, generalizing the known formula for smooth ones. In fact,
this result is established in a more general context, involving the K-theory of
graded projective modules. The second result is a new proof of a theorem due to
Vezzosi and Vistoli concerning the equivariant K-theory of smooth (not
necessarily affine) toric varieties.Comment: 12 page
Robust Half-Metallic Character and Large Oxygen Magnetism in a Perovskite Cuprate
The new perovskite cuprate material SrCaReCuO, which
behaves ferrimagnetically and shows an unusually high Curie temperature ( 440 K), is found from density-functional theory calculation to display
several surprising properties after hole doping or chemical substitution: (1)
Half metal (HM) is realized by replacing Re with W or Mo while remains
high; (2) hole-doped SrCaReCuO is also HM with high
. Moreover, we find that the O atoms will carry a large magnetic moment
after hole doping, which is in sharp contrast with the generally accepted
concept that magnetism in solid requires partially filled shells of or
electrons in cations. The material SrCaReCuO is therefore
expected to provide a very useful platform for material design and development.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figure
Enhancement of Dark Matter Annihilation via Breit-Wigner Resonance
The Breit-Wigner enhancement of the thermally averaged annihilation cross
section is shown to provide a large boost factor when the dark
matter annihilation process nears a narrow resonance. We explicitly demonstrate
the evolution behavior of the Breit-Wigner enhanced as the function
of universe temperature for both the physical and unphysical pole cases. It is
found that both of the cases can lead an enough large boost factor to explain
the recent PAMELA, ATIC and PPB-BETS anomalies. We also calculate the coupling
of annihilation process, which is useful for an appropriate model building to
give the desired dark matter relic density.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, references added, accepted for publication in
Physical Review
Edge Excitations and Non-Abelian Statistics in the Moore-Read State: A Numerical Study in the Presence of Coulomb Interaction and Edge Confinement
We study the ground state and low-energy excitations of fractional quantum
Hall systems on a disk at filling fraction , with Coulomb
interaction and background confining potential. We find the Moore-Read ground
state is stable within a finite but narrow window in parameter space. The
corresponding low-energy excitations contain a fermionic branch and a bosonic
branch, with widely different velocities. A short-range repulsive potential can
stabilize a charge quasihole at the center, leading to a different edge
excitation spectrum due to the change of boundary conditions for Majorana
fermions, clearly indicating the non-Abelian nature of the quasihole.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. New version shortened for PRL. Corrected typo
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