DHGE: Dual-View Hyper-Relational Knowledge Graph Embedding for Link Prediction and Entity Typing

In the field of representation learning on knowledge graphs (KGs), a hyper-relational fact consists of a main triple and several auxiliary attribute-value descriptions, which is considered more comprehensive and specific than a triple-based fact. However, currently available hyper-relational KG embedding methods in a single view are limited in application because they weaken the hierarchical structure that represents the affiliation between entities. To overcome this limitation, we propose a dual-view hyper-relational KG structure (DH-KG) that contains a hyper-relational instance view for entities and a hyper-relational ontology view for concepts that are abstracted hierarchically from the entities. This paper defines link prediction and entity typing tasks on DH-KG for the first time and constructs two DH-KG datasets, JW44K-6K, extracted from Wikidata, and HTDM based on medical data. Furthermore, we propose DHGE, a DH-KG embedding model based on GRAN encoders, HGNNs, and joint learning. DHGE outperforms baseline models on DH-KG, according to experimental results. Finally, we provide an example of how this technology can be used to treat hypertension. Our model and new datasets are publicly available.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 202

NQE: N-ary Query Embedding for Complex Query Answering over Hyper-relational Knowledge Graphs

Complex query answering (CQA) is an essential task for multi-hop and logical reasoning on knowledge graphs (KGs). Currently, most approaches are limited to queries among binary relational facts and pay less attention to n-ary facts (n>=2) containing more than two entities, which are more prevalent in the real world. Moreover, previous CQA methods can only make predictions for a few given types of queries and cannot be flexibly extended to more complex logical queries, which significantly limits their applications. To overcome these challenges, in this work, we propose a novel N-ary Query Embedding (NQE) model for CQA over hyper-relational knowledge graphs (HKGs), which include massive n-ary facts. The NQE utilizes a dual-heterogeneous Transformer encoder and fuzzy logic theory to satisfy all n-ary FOL queries, including existential quantifiers, conjunction, disjunction, and negation. We also propose a parallel processing algorithm that can train or predict arbitrary n-ary FOL queries in a single batch, regardless of the kind of each query, with good flexibility and extensibility. In addition, we generate a new CQA dataset WD50K-NFOL, including diverse n-ary FOL queries over WD50K. Experimental results on WD50K-NFOL and other standard CQA datasets show that NQE is the state-of-the-art CQA method over HKGs with good generalization capability. Our code and dataset are publicly available.Comment: Accepted by the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2023

Text2NKG: Fine-Grained N-ary Relation Extraction for N-ary relational Knowledge Graph Construction

Beyond traditional binary relational facts, n-ary relational knowledge graphs (NKGs) are comprised of n-ary relational facts containing more than two entities, which are closer to real-world facts with broader applications. However, the construction of NKGs still significantly relies on manual labor, and n-ary relation extraction still remains at a course-grained level, which is always in a single schema and fixed arity of entities. To address these restrictions, we propose Text2NKG, a novel fine-grained n-ary relation extraction framework for n-ary relational knowledge graph construction. We introduce a span-tuple classification approach with hetero-ordered merging to accomplish fine-grained n-ary relation extraction in different arity. Furthermore, Text2NKG supports four typical NKG schemas: hyper-relational schema, event-based schema, role-based schema, and hypergraph-based schema, with high flexibility and practicality. Experimental results demonstrate that Text2NKG outperforms the previous state-of-the-art model by nearly 20\% points in the $F_1$ scores on the fine-grained n-ary relation extraction benchmark in the hyper-relational schema. Our code and datasets are publicly available.Comment: Preprin

Early Cretaceous Granitoids Magmatism in the Nagqu Area, Northern Tibet: Constraints on the Timing of the Lhasa–Qiangtang Collision

The timing of the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision following the closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethys Ocean has not been well constrained. An integrated study of whole-rock geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes was carried out for Early Cretaceous quartz diorite-porphyrites and granites from the Yilashan and Amdo areas, northern Tibet. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating reveal that the Yilashan and Amdo granitoids were emplaced at ~121–110 Ma. These granitic rocks display selective enrichment of light rare earth elements, large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, U) and Th, but depletion of Sr and high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) compared to its neighboring elements. These new data, combined with regional geological setting, show that these igneous rocks were formed under a geodynamic setting of the Lhasa and Qiangtang (–Amdo) collision with oceanic slab breakoff and asthenospheric upwelling. The BNTO had been closed at ~121–110 Ma in the study area. Yilashan-Amdo granitoids roughly yield high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and obvious negative εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values along with old Nd TDM and zircon Hf TDM2 ages. Together with their variable U–Pb ages, these features indicate a Precambrian “hidden” crustal source beneath the northern Lhasa and Amdo terranes. The YLSS S-type granophyres were derived from partial melting of Paleoproterozoic lower crustal metagraywackes, whereas the YLSZ quartz diorite–porphyrites and the Amdo I- and A-type granites were mainly derived from partial melting of Paleo–Mesoproterozoic lower crustal mafic rocks with a certain amount of addition of mantle-derived melts. Minor amounts of the materials originated from the Amdo orthogneisses may also be involved in the formation of the YLSZ quartz diorite–porphyrites and the Amdo I-type granites. In addition, the Yilashan ophiolite was intruded by the ~112–108 Ma granophyric and quartz diorite–porphyritic intrusions before its final emplacement into the surrounding strata

Early Cretaceous Granitoids Magmatism in the Nagqu Area, Northern Tibet: Constraints on the Timing of the Lhasa–Qiangtang Collision

The timing of the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision following the closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethys Ocean has not been well constrained. An integrated study of whole-rock geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes was carried out for Early Cretaceous quartz diorite-porphyrites and granites from the Yilashan and Amdo areas, northern Tibet. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating reveal that the Yilashan and Amdo granitoids were emplaced at ~121–110 Ma. These granitic rocks display selective enrichment of light rare earth elements, large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, U) and Th, but depletion of Sr and high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) compared to its neighboring elements. These new data, combined with regional geological setting, show that these igneous rocks were formed under a geodynamic setting of the Lhasa and Qiangtang (–Amdo) collision with oceanic slab breakoff and asthenospheric upwelling. The BNTO had been closed at ~121–110 Ma in the study area. Yilashan-Amdo granitoids roughly yield high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and obvious negative εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values along with old Nd TDM and zircon Hf TDM2 ages. Together with their variable U–Pb ages, these features indicate a Precambrian “hidden” crustal source beneath the northern Lhasa and Amdo terranes. The YLSS S-type granophyres were derived from partial melting of Paleoproterozoic lower crustal metagraywackes, whereas the YLSZ quartz diorite–porphyrites and the Amdo I- and A-type granites were mainly derived from partial melting of Paleo–Mesoproterozoic lower crustal mafic rocks with a certain amount of addition of mantle-derived melts. Minor amounts of the materials originated from the Amdo orthogneisses may also be involved in the formation of the YLSZ quartz diorite–porphyrites and the Amdo I-type granites. In addition, the Yilashan ophiolite was intruded by the ~112–108 Ma granophyric and quartz diorite–porphyritic intrusions before its final emplacement into the surrounding strata

HAHE: Hierarchical Attention for Hyper-Relational Knowledge Graphs in Global and Local Level

Link Prediction on Hyper-relational Knowledge Graphs (HKG) is a worthwhile endeavor. HKG consists of hyper-relational facts (H-Facts), composed of a main triple and several auxiliary attribute-value qualifiers, which can effectively represent factually comprehensive information. The internal structure of HKG can be represented as a hypergraph-based representation globally and a semantic sequence-based representation locally. However, existing research seldom simultaneously models the graphical and sequential structure of HKGs, limiting HKGs' representation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel Hierarchical Attention model for HKG Embedding (HAHE), including global-level and local-level attention. The global-level attention can model the graphical structure of HKG using hypergraph dual-attention layers, while the local-level attention can learn the sequential structure inside H-Facts via heterogeneous self-attention layers. Experiment results indicate that HAHE achieves state-of-the-art performance in link prediction tasks on HKG standard datasets. In addition, HAHE addresses the issue of HKG multi-position prediction for the first time, increasing the applicability of the HKG link prediction task. Our code is publicly available.Comment: Accepted by ACL 2023 main conferenc

Effects of Long-Term Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Sodium Dichloroacetate and Glucose on Metabolic Biomarkers and Intestinal Microbiota of Finishing Pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-protein (LP) diets supplemented with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and glucose (GLUC) on metabolic markers and intestinal microbiota of finishing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred growing barrows were allocated randomly to one of the five treatments, including the normal protein level diet (CON), the LP diets, LP with 120 mg/kg DCA (LP + DCA) or 1.8% glucose (LP + GLUC), and LP with 120 mg/kg DCA and 1.8% glucose (LP + DCA + GLUC). The LP diet increased the plasma HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations and reduced the bile acid, urea nitrogen, albumin, and total protein concentrations compared to the CON diet (p p p < 0.05). Moreover, the LP diets with or without DCA and GLUC supplementation increased the relative abundance of colonic microbiota related to carbohydrate fermentation in finishing pigs. In conclusion, 120 mg/kg DCA or 1.8% GLUC supplementation in an LP diet modulated the hepatic lipid metabolism of pigs, while the DCA along with GLUC supplementation likely improved the lipid metabolism by stimulating bile acid secretion

Integrated ELM and divertor power flux control using RMPs with low input torque in EAST in support of the ITER research plan

Experiments have been carried out at the EAST tokamak to study ITER-relevant scenario integration issues, related to edge localized mode (ELM) control in H-mode plasmas by the application of three-dimensional (3D) resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), which have a large impact on the execution of the ITER research plan. The EAST experiments have successfully demonstrated ELM suppression at normalized torque inputs similar to ITER. The application of RMP fields with high toroidal mode number (n = 4) reduces the impact of ELM control on energy and particle confinement compared to those use lower n (n = 1, 2) RMPs. Injection of successive pellets is found to be effective in increasing the plasma density in ELM-suppressed H-modes and reducing the divertor power without triggering large ELMs at EAST. Access to high recycling and radiative divertor conditions while maintaining ELM suppression has been demonstrated in EAST by the use of gas fuelling and neon impurity seeding. Both approaches have been found to be effective in reducing power fluxes to the divertor strike points in near-separatrix lobes for both n = 2 and n = 4 RMPs. However, reduction of power fluxes in off-separatrix lobes is only effective for n = 4 RMP application, which is consistent with magnetic topology modelling (including plasma response) results showing a shallow penetration into the confined plasma region of field lines connected to these lobes compared to n = 2. The EAST results support the use of high n 3D fields for ELM suppression in ITER high QDT scenarios since they provide optimum integration features regarding energy and particle confinement, pellet fuelling, radiative divertor operation while eliminating ELM transient power loads and being compatible with low torque inpu