Numerical Methods for Wave Turbulence: Isotropic 3-Wave Kinetic Equations

Wave turbulence theory has remained an active area of research since its inception in the early part of the last century. In the kinetic regime, the main objects of study are the wave kinetic equations. The breakthrough discovery of constant flux, time independent solutions by Zakharov in the late 1960\u27s has allowed for the theories predictions to be verified both experimentally and computationally in a wide array of physical systems. However, there remain many open questions concerning the time dependent solutions of the wave kinetic equations. In this thesis, we aim to partially address this open area of the wave turbulence theory by providing numerical methods for the time dependent solutions of the isotropic 3-wave kinetic equations. The methods we develop herein are able to confirm previous analysis for time dependent solutions, specifically the behavior of the energy cascade of these solutions

3B2: The Allied Expositionary Forces: From Encouragement to Commemoration of WWI

Most people pass war memorials in their own town or while on the road with relatively little thought, though likely with reverence for those that include soldiers names of those who died or perhaps excitement and pride for those that include military hardware, such as cannon, aircraft, or tanks. Some may see trophies in particular and smile with patriotic/nationalistic pride or frown with disapproval (also patriotic in its won way). War memorials and trophies can be found in town squares and city halls, cemeteries, airports, at and VFW or Legion halls. Each combination of statue or trophy, with or without the names of the dead, can bring about different responses. This paper seeks to address how the trophies of war from World War I arrived in America, where they were placed, and how they were received. There are a number of aspects to war trophies that need to be considered. Were they Allied or enemy trophies? How and from where were they obtained? And to what end and where were they displayed? And adopting a longer lens, it is worth recognizing that most have now gone, many to scrap drives for the second World War, as subsequent wars can erase the meaning of previous ones. All of these questions should inform our/one\u27s perception of such trophies, though some facets may be obscured with time ( Which war was that, now? ), and others are knowledge only known to specialists ( That\u27s which model of hardware? ). The paper begins with the arrival of a capture German aeld gun on the Michigan Tech campus in 1919, moves back slightly to consider the Committee for Public Information\u27s traveling Allied War Exposition in 1918, and then the establishment of the American Battle Monuments Commission in 1923, and then will seek to contextualize this American experience by comparison to the British Commonwealth experience. Although this paper specifically deals with the American experience of war trophies in 1918-1923, it draws upon comparative examples from across the British Commonwealth and asks the listener to adopt a dispassionate consideration of war trophies without respect to who won or lost

A Numerical Scheme for Wave Turbulence: 3-Wave Kinetic Equations

We introduce a finite volume scheme to solve isotropic 3-wave kinetic equations. We test our numerical solution against theoretical results concerning the long time behavior of the energy and observe that our solutions verify the energy cascade phenomenon. To our knowledge, this is the first numerical scheme that can capture the long time asymptotic behavior of solutions to isotropic 3-wave kinetic equations, where the energy cascade can be observed. Our numerical energy cascade rates are in good agreement with previously obtained theoretical results. The finite volume scheme given here relies on a new identity, allowing one to reduce the number of terms needed in the collision operators

Young Adults' Recovery: Managing Change

Informed by relevant literature and combined with demographic, assessment, educational, and service information, program evaluations can identify key factor to manage change. An example follows. Background. Transition-aged youth (TAY), ages 18 to 26, have higher rates of Substance Use Disorders (SUD) than adolescents or adults over 26 years old. In 2019, 17% experienced a major depressive disorder with 12.1% having severe impairments. Overall, 30.6% experienced mental illness, and 9.7% had serious mental illness. Although TAY reported lower levels of recovery than older adults, predictors of behavioral health recovery for TAY have seldom been explored. Indiana’s Division of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHA) has funded TAY services since 2019 as an effort to positively impact this population. Methods. Qualitative information from seven currently DMHA funded programs were to support and supplement data analysis. A FFY21 Midwestern sample (n=2575) of treated young adults (ages 18-26) included 688 People of Color (POC; 12% of the sample were Black only, 0.04% Native American only, 0.06% Asian only, 5% other race only, 3% Multiracial, and 6% Hispanic); 0.73% were White only. Half were female. All youth had substance and/or mental health disorders. The Adult Needs and Strengths Assessment (ANSA) identified needs that interfered with functioning and strengths. Transportation, employment, and residential needs were identified early in care. Other need and strength items reflected status when treatment ended. In a secondary analysis of state-level data, a hierarchical linear regression predicted recovery, the rate of improved Total Actionable Items (Resolved/Ever identified needs). Predictive variables were directly entered into four blocks: 1 (race/ethnicity, gender, employment, transportation, housing stability), 2 (depression, anxiety, substance use [SUD]), 3 (involvement in recovery, SUD recovery support, social functioning, optimism), and 4 (duration of treatment, Motivational Enhancement Therapy [MET). Race was converted to POC and gender to ‘female’. Results. Each step of the regression model documented significant contributions of added variables (R2s =.013, .239, .319, .350). POC were less likely to improve than white individuals. Women were more likely than men to improve. Individuals with employment, transportation, or housing needs at the beginning of treatment were more likely to improve. Depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders decreased the likelihood of resolved needs. Poor social functioning and inadequate SUD recovery support at the end of treatment were associated with worse outcomes. Having a positive sense of oneself in the future (optimism) predicted recovery. Active involvement in recovery, longer service duration, and Medication Enhancement Therapy were related to higher rates of recovery. Discussion. In addition to addressing SUD and mental health concerns, young adults’ recovery is related to developmental tasks (employment, recreation, and social relationships), supporting involvement in managing one’s health, and developing resiliency. Attention to social determinants of health, such as transportation, is necessary for access to services and supports. Service adaptations for POC to increase involvement in recovery and equitable outcomes requires consideration and study. Managing change for TAY involves attention to developmental, cultural, behavioral health needs, the concurrent utilization/development of strengths, and monitoring progress.Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Indiana Family & Social Services Administratio

Decision Making and Reward in Frontal Cortex: Complementary Evidence From Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Studies

Patients with damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC)—especially the ventral and medial parts of PFC—often show a marked inability to make choices that meet their needs and goals. These decision-making impairments often reflect both a deficit in learning concerning the consequences of a choice, as well as deficits in the ability to adapt future choices based on experienced value of the current choice. Thus, areas of PFC must support some value computations that are necessary for optimal choice. However, recent frameworks of decision making have highlighted that optimal and adaptive decision making does not simply rest on a single computation, but a number of different value computations may be necessary. Using this framework as a guide, we summarize evidence from both lesion studies and single-neuron physiology for the representation of different value computations across PFC areas

Measuring students\u27 perceptions of plagiarism: Modification and Rasch validation of a plagiarism attitude scale

Plagiarism is a significant area of concern in higher education, given university students\u27 high self-reported rates of plagiarism. However, research remains inconsistent in prevalence estimates and suggested precursors of plagiarism. This may be a function of the unclear psychometric properties of the measurement tools adopted. To investigate this, we modified an existing plagiarism scale (to broaden its scope), established its psychometric properties using traditional (EFA, Cronbach\u27s alpha) and modern (Rasch analysis) survey evaluation approaches, and examined results of well-functioning items. Results indicated that traditional and modern psychometric approaches differed in their recommendations. Further, responses indicated that although most respondents acknowledged the seriousness of plagiarism, these attitudes were neither unanimous nor consistent across the range of issues assessed. This study thus provides rigorous psychometric testing of a plagiarism attitude scale and baseline data from which to begin a discussion of contextual, personal, and external factors that influence students\u27 plagiarism attitudes