Késő szarmata kori településrészlet Kiskundorozsma-Vöröshomok-dűlőn

The Late Sarmatian Age site presented in the study is located southwest of the town of Kiskundorozsma, in Csongrád-Csanád County, on the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. In January of 1960, there was a rescue excavation in Kiskundorozsma–Vöröshomok-dűlő carried out by the Móra Ferenc Museum of Szeged and led by Alajos Bálint. Excavations covered a 125 sq.m large territory. During the seven days of fieldwork, a grave from the Hungarian Conquest Period and a Late Sarmatian settlement part were found. Alajos Bálint published an article about the Conquest Period-grave and the Late Sarmatian features, but the complete settlement has not been published yet. The study focuses on the Late Sarmatian settlement. At the settlement of Kiskundorozsma– Vöröshomok-dűlő a building, an oven, and five storage pits were discovered. Most of the finds were pottery fragments: a total of 38 pieces came to light, among them pieces of storage vessels, jugs, bowls, and pots. Most of them were wheel-made, some belonged to pots made on the slow wheel or by hand. Sand, grits, and mica were used as a tempering material. Most of the finds are characteristic Late Sarmatian types (storage vessels, jugs, and slow wheel pots), according to this, the settlement can be dated to the period between the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th century

Előzetes beszámoló a Csanádpalota-Országhatár M43 56. lelőhelyen végzett szarmata temető feltárásáról

Site 56, Motorway M43 is located south of Csanádpalota. The total excavation area was situated between stream Krakk and the Hungarian-Romanian border. The Móra Ferenc Museum conducted here preventive excavation between 26 October 2010 and 30 August 2011, and between 29 November and 7 December 2012. In the central zone of the excavated area, a Late Sarmatian cemetery with 53 inhumation graves was discovered. The total number of skeletons that can be examined by archaeological and anthropological methods is 49. Out of 53 graves, human remains were found in 51 burials, there were no bones in two graves. Out of 49 burials, 19 belonged to men, 12 to women, 12 to childrenʁ and one adultʓs gender could not be determinedʇ Most of the dead were oriented to the south. The grave pits had regular shape with a rectangular plan and rounded corners. Five burials (9, 22, 35, 37, 48) belonged to the largest graves of the cemetery. The graves were 300ʦ350 cm long, 130ʦ180 cm wide and over 5 sq.m in size. At the bottom of four graves, there were remains of timber structures. Based on our analysis, the timber imprints in graves 35 and 37 could have belonged to a bier or funerary stretcher, on which the deceased was placed for transportation and finally buried with it. In the case of the largest timber frame (grave 48), a burial chamber or bier with sidewalls can be suggested. In the cemetery, 11 graves were surrounded by a circular ditch, with a diameter of 10ʦ13 m. In these graves, mainly adults were buried, but in one case a child was found. Traces of funeral feast could be traced in the circular ditches: numerous pottery fragments and animal bones (dogs and horse). Most of the graves were robbed, probably in Antiquity. 66 percent of the graves were looted, but many pieces of inventory could be saved during the excavation. Jewelry and costume items include earring fragments, various types of pendants, and silver, bronze, or iron brooches. A small number of beads of various shapes, colors, raw materials, and sizes were found. Among the beads, a rare mosaic ornament of glass beads was also found. Besides, round, oval, square, and D-shaped buckles emerged from the graves. Objects of everyday use included spindle whorls, iron knives, bone needle holder, and bronze pincers. 25 vessels were identified in the cemetery. In most cases, they were placed by the feet of the dead, by one, rarely by two (in graves 24 and 48). According to these findings, the cemetery was used in the Late Sarmatian Period, dating from the first half of the 4th century to the beginning of the 5th century

A síron túli álom : szarmata halotti faszerkezetek lenyomatai Csanádpalota-Országhatár M43 56. lelőhelyen

Site No. 56. excavated prior to the construction of motorway M43 is located south from Csanádpalota, between the Krakk rivulet and the border between Hungary and Romania. Preventive excavation was carried out by the Móra Ferenc Museum between 26 October 2010 and 30 August 2011, and between 29 November and 7 December 2012. A late Sarmatian cemetery with 53 inhumation graves was unearthed in the central zone of the excavated area. The paper presents four graves from this cemetery (marked as G9, G35, G37 and G48), characterized by remains of timber structures at the bottom of the pits. The primary question of the research addressed to the function of these timber structures. A detailed analysis of the remains suggested that the timber prints in graves G35 and G37 were probably left by a bier or funerary stretcher which served to transport the body to the grave, and finally placed in that too. The largest timber frame (in grave G48) might also have belonged to a burial chamber or a casket-like bier with side walls. The timber prints also allowed the reconstruction of the construction process in a certain extent. The curved connection at the ends of the frame indicates that the wooden elements were fixed by some kind of strong organic material. They might have constituted the main structure of the bier, to be easily held, lifted and transported together with the corpse. The structure conditionally determined as a burial chamber might have been fixed with joints. Timber structures (biers, chambers) were applied at funerary rites both in the Roman Empire and in the Barbaricum. The series of analogies presented in the paper also support the interpretation of the wooden structures found in Csanádpalota

Late Sarmatian pottery workshop in Nagymágocs-Paptanya = Késő szarmata fazekasműhely Nagymágocs-Paptanyán

In this study, we present the results of the first scientific analysis of the micaceous-pebbly ceramic material uncovered from the late Sarmatian settlement in Nagymágocs–Paptanya, Hungary. It is noteworthy that 810 micaceous-pebbly ceramic fragments were found in the settlement. In this respect the settlement has outstanding importance among the late Sarmatian sites of the Southern Great Plain. Evidenced by the excavated pottery workshop, the associated pottery kiln, the clay-extracting pits and the ceramic slags and clay pieces found in the objects, there were Sarmatian age pottery activities at Nagymágocs–Paptanya. However, it was debatable, whether the micaceous-pebbly ceramics were produced locally or the finished products were transported to the settlement. The origin of the temper used in the ceramics also raises questions, as the micaceous rock type found in the ceramics is not accessible in the immediate geological environment of the site. 15 sherds were selected for examination both by the conventional typological methods and petrographic microscopic analysis. The ceramic analyses were also supplemented by the petrographic analysis of a gneiss fragment, which was found in the side wall of the pottery workshop. Based on our results, the vessels proved to be the products of the same manufacturing tradition which applied freshly crushed micaceous gneiss tempering (providing both the denominating mica and pebble grains of ceramics). In one case, additional grog tempering was also detected. Exact petrographic relations could not be drawn of the gneiss temper in ceramics and the gneiss fragment found at the workshop. Homogeneity of the micaceous-pebbly pottery at Nagymágocs and the ideal conditions of pottery production at the settlement can indicate that this ceramic type was made locally and the tempering material was transported to the settlement. | A tanulmány témája Nagymágocs–Paptanya késő szarmata település kavicsos-csillámos kerámiaanyagának első természettudományos vizsgálata. A település kiemelkedő fontosságú a dél-alföldi késő szarmata kori lelőhelyek között a 810 db kavicsos-csillámos kerámiatöredéknek köszönhetően. A nagymágocsi telepen biztosan készítettek kerámiát, ezt igazolta a feltárt fazekasműhely, a hozzátartozó edényégető kemence, az agyagnyerő gödrök és az objektumokban talált kerámiasalakok és agyagcsomók. Kérdéses volt azonban, hogy a kavicsos-csillámos edényeket helyben készítették-e vagy importálták a telepre, mivel a kerámiákban található csillámtartalmú kőzet a lelőhely közvetlen földtani környezetében nem fordul elő. A leletanyagból kiválasztott 15 kerámiatöredéket a hagyományos régészeti tipológiai módszerek mellett petrográfiai mikroszkópos vizsgálatokkal elemeztük a telepen feltárt fazekasműhely oldalfalában kialakított fülkéből származó csillámos kőzettörmelékkel együtt. Vizsgálataink azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgált kavicsos-csillámos kerámiák azonos műhelyhagyomány termékei, amelyek készítéséhez (a névadó csillám és kavics közös forrásaként) tört gneisz kőzettörmeléket használtak. Egy esetben ehhez még tört kerámiát is adtak. A kerámiákban előforduló gneisz nem azonosítható a fazekasműhelyből előkerült gneisz kőzetdarabbal. A csillámos-kavicsos kerámia anyagbeli egységessége, illetve a lelőhelynek a fazekas tevékenységhez kiváló adottságai alapján feltehető, hogy ez a kerámiatípus helyben készült Nagymágocson és a soványító anyagot szállították a helyszínre

The Late Sarmatian micaceous-pebbly ceramic conundrum revisited : petrographic analysis of ceramics from Sándorfalva–Eperjes and Nagymágocs–Paptanya settlements = A késő szarmata kori kavicsos-csillámos kerámiák rejtélyének vizsgálata : Sándorfalva-Eperjes és Nagymágocspaptanya telepek kerámiáinak petrográfiai elemzése

In this study a petrographic analysis was carried out on the ceramic material uncovered from two late Sarmatian settlements in the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, Sándorfalva–Eperjes and Nagymágocs–Paptanya. The aim of the study is to confirm the working hypothesis that the micaceous-pebbly vessels of the settlements are made from locally available raw materials and the micaceous rock needed for their tempering was imported to the settlements. For this purpose, we analysed thin sections of grey fast-wheeled vessels (fine wares), which were dominant in the finds of the Nagymágocs site, then we compared the obtained data with earlier results on micaceous-pebbly vessels (Walter & Szilágyi 2022). In addition, the results are compared with the petrographic analysis of micaceous-pebbly ceramics from the Late Sarmatian settlement of Sándorfalva–Eperjes. | A tanulmány témája két, a Dél-Alföld területén található késő szarmata kori edénygyártó telep, Sándorfalva– Eperjes és Nagymágocs–Paptanya kerámiaanyagának természettudományos vizsgálatának bemutatása. A vizsgálat célja azon felállított munkahipotézis igazolása, hogy a telepek leletanyagában fellelhető kavicsoscsillámos edények helyi gyártmányok és a soványításukhoz szükséges csillámos anyagot importálták a telepekre. Elkészítettük a nagymágocsi telep leletanyagában domináns szürke gyorskorongolt edények vékonycsiszolati leírásait, majd a kapott eredményeket összehasonlítottuk a már rendelkezésünkre álló kavicsos-csillámos edények vizsgálati eredményeivel (Walter & Szilágyi 2022). A kutatás részét képezte mindemellett Sándorfalva– Eperjes késő szarmata kori telep kavicsos-csillámos kerámiáinak petrográfiai vizsgálata is