67 research outputs found
Kerk en koninkryk
As ons vra wat die kerk is, moet ons onthou dat ons hier besig is met ’n geloofstuk van ons belydenis: „Ek glo aan ’n heilige, algemene Christelike kerk, die gemeenskap van die heiliges” (Apostoliese Geloofsbelydenis). Dit beteken nie dat die kerk onwerklik, irreëel, is nie, maar alleen dat hy na sy diepste wese deur die geloof alleen geken kan word (Hebr. 11 : 1). Net soos die geval is met die Bybel as ’n boek, is daar niks in of aan die kerk wat nie ook gewoon menslik gedui kan word nie, as ons nie deur die geloof verstaan en weet dat dit, as Liggaam van Christus, ten diepste die maaksel van God se hande is nie en dat dit alleen bestaan deurdat Christus deur sy Gees in die harte van die gelowiges woning maak nie
Some aspects of the toxicology of hydrocyanic acid in ruminants
Of the various methods the ferric thiocyanate method is selected for the
determination of hydrocyanic acid both in plants and in animal organs. It
is shown that erroneous results may be obtained in certain plants by the
alkaline titration method. The ferric thiocyanate method is dealt with in
detail and several modifications introduced. It is demonstrated that the
method yields excellent results. For the liberation of hydrocyanic acid from
the material to be analysed the aeration procedure is adopted as it yields the
best results.
The sources of hydrocyanic acid in cases of poisoning- in stock are
discussed and the results of the examination of a large number of plants for
hydrocyanic acid are given.
The factors concerned in the causation of poisoning of animals by cyanogenetic
plants are discussed in detail and these factors include the quantity
of the plant ingested; the previous diet of the animal; the hydrogen-ion
concentration of the stomach contents; the percentage of the total hydrocyanic
acid in, the plant which it; present in the free state; the quantity of
enzyme present in the plant; and the hydrocyanic acid content of the plant.
In connection with the last-named factor, a detailed discussion is given on
the manner in which it is influenced by the following: soil; climatic conditions;
age of the plant; variety of the specimen; individual variation; part
of the plant; and the state of the plant. The variability of the hydrocyanic
acid content of cyanogenetic plants is illustrated by graphical representations
of the hydrocyanic acid content, over a number of days, of Dimorphotheca
Ecklonis and four strains of Cynodon plectostachyum. The effect of wilting
on the hydrocyanic acid content is clearly shown. It is pointed out that the
danger, which a cyanogenetic plant constitutes to stock, should be judged on
the maximum quantity of hydrocyanic acid which can be developed by the
plant.
The physiological significance of cyanogenesis in plants is discussed.
The ruminal contents and livers of sheep which had died at this Institute
from causes other than poisoning by hydrocyanic acid were found to contain
only traces of hydrocyanic acid. Hydrocyanic acid was, however, frequently
demonstrable in relatively large quantities in the ruminal contents of
animals, which had died from causes, other than hydrocyanic acid poisoning,
under field conditions. Of the organs of sheep which were poisoned by hydrocyanic
acid per os, the ruminal contents and liver contain the largest quantities
of hydrocyanic acid of the organs analysed. The quantity of hydrocyanic
acid ingested is shown to be reflected in the hydrocyanic acid content of the
ruminal contents and liver. The hydrocyanic acid content of the liver and
ruminal contents of approximately twenty sheep which had received varying
quantities of hydrocyanic acid was determined. In the case of the liver the
hydrocyanic acid content was 0·14 mg., or more, per 100 gm. in sheep which
had received lethal quantities, or less than 0·14 mg. per 100 gm. in sheep
which had received sublethal quantities of hydrocyanic acid per os. The
corresponding value for the ruminal contents is approximately 1·0 mg. of
hydrocyanic acid per 100 gm. The relative value of the hydrocyanic acid
contents of the liver and ruminal contents in arriving at a diagnosis of
hydrocyanic acid poisoning is discussed. It is shown: that the. hydrocyanic
acid content of the ruminal contents serves as corroborative evidence for the
hydrocyanic acid content of the liver and that it is essential to know the
latter in order to arrive at a definite diagnosis. During decomposition of
organs of animals, not poisoned oy hydrocyanic acid, significant quantities
of hydrocyanic acid did not develop. It is demonstrated that hydrocyanic
acid rapidly disappears from the liver but more gradually from the ruminal
contents when they are allowed to decompose. Mercuric chloride was found
to be an excellent preservative of ruminal contents and liver and completely
prevented the disappearance of hydrocyanic acid from these materials during
storage. This fact renders it possible to submit specimens of liver and
ruminal contents to a laboratory for analysis.
It was demonstrated that
in the intact animal, considerable diffusion of hydrocyanic acid occurs from
the stomach contents into the liver after death.
The problem of chronic hydrocyanic acid poisoning is fully discussed.
The experimental work of the author did not result in the production of
chronic hydrocyanic acid poisoning in sheep. From the literature on the
subject, available to the author, it is evident
(1) that some authors .have produced chronic hydrocyanic acid poisoning in the form of injury to the central nervous system in rabbits
and monkeys, and, '
(2) that other authors have demonstrated the goitrogenic activity of
hydrocyanic acid in various combinations.
It is shown, however, that the experimental conditions for the production
of these forms of poisoning are such that it is very unlikely that they
will occur naturally in stock.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
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Anatomical studies No. 56. Monophthalmos in a horse
The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.No abstract available
Recent investigations into the toxicity of plants, etc., in the Union of South Africa
The toxicity of 16 plants was investigated. Of these the following four
were, according to the literature available to the author, for the first time
proved to be poisonous:
Encephalartos horrridus Lehm., Royena decidua Burch., Eucomis undulata Ait.,
Scilla rigidifolia Kunth.
The toxicity of Dowicide P was determined.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
Anatomical studies No. 55. A mummified bovine foetus
The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.No abstract available
Recent investigations into the toxicity of known and unknown poisonous plants in the Union of South Africa. XI
The toxicity of sixteen plants was investigated. According to
the available literature the following three plants were proved for
the first time to be toxic: Senecio pterophorus DC; Kalanchoe
paniculata Harv., Kalanchoe thyrsiflorae Harv.
The results obtained in the experiments with Crotalaria rhodesiae Baker f. and Pseudogaltonia clavata (Baker) Phillips are
not considered sufficiently conclusive to prove these two plants to be
poisonous.
The latex of Arauya serisifera Brot. was proved to possess
irritant properties when applied to the skin.
The Senecio alkaloids, isatidine and retrorsine, administered
per os to horses induced symptoms, post-mortem appearances, and
histological lesions typical of those of "dunsiekte" in horses, and
these alkaloids are undoubtedly the active principles of the species
of Senecio from which they were isolated.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
Recent investigations into the toxicity of known and unknown poisonous plants in the Union of South Africa, X
The toxicity of 22 plants was investigated. According to the available literature the following five of these plants were proved for the first time to be toxic: Cryptolepis decidua N.E.Br., Cryptostemma calendulaceum R.Br., Helichrysum cephaloideum D.C., var adcendens, Kedrostis nana Cogn. and Moraea setacea Ker.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format
Recent investigations into the toxicity of known and unknown poisonous plants in the Union of South Africa. XII
The toxicity of fourteen plants was investigated. According to the available literature
the following plants, viz., Mesembryanthemum angulatum Thunb.,
Kalanchoe rotundifolia Harv. and Urginea rubella Baker have for the first time been proved to be toxic. The results of the experiments with the fungus-infected
mangolds and Scilla oratifolia Baker form. cannot be considered conclusive.
Poinciana pulcherrima L. was shown to be a cyanogenetic plant and it was proved
that Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq. is capable of causing blindness.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
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Recent investigations into the toxicity of plants, etc., no. XV
Of the 18 plants investigated the following four plants were, according
to the literature available to the authors, for the first time proved to be
toxic: Tetragonia Schenkii Schinz., Encephalartos Lehmanii (E. & L.)
Lehm., Moraea trita var. foliata N.E. Br., and Schizocarphus nervosus
(Burch.) F. v. d. M.
The toxicity of the pupae of Melasina circophora Meyr. was also investigated.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
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Poisoning by spent calcium carbide
(1) Poisoning by completely spent carbide is very similar to poisoning by calcium hydroxide.
(2) So-called spent carbide may contain active carbide which, when ingested (moistened), will yield acetylene. Furthermore, other impurities such as ammonia,
sulphuretted hydrogen, phosphine and cyanamide may also be present.
(3) In our experiments no evidence was obtained that any impurities of any
toxicological importance were present in the spent carbide with which the
experiments were conducted.
(4) Since a relatively large quantity of calcium hydroxide is necessary to
poison an animal it is obvious that the calcium content of the stomach contents
will be greatly increased in cases of poisoning by this substance. Consequently
the determination of the calcium content oÂŁ the stomach contents may be of great
assistance in determining whether an animal was poisoned by spent carbide.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi.
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