Technical Bulletins: 1990 Census Update

Includes a list of Tennessee cities, their 1990 populations, and the census impact on state shared taxes

Lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer in Australian recreational and competitive surfers

Background/Purpose Surfing is one of the most popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million recreational surfers; however, Australia has long been recognized as having the highest incidence of melanoma in the world, and it is the most common type of cancer in young Australians. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of non-mela- noma [basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and melanoma skin cancers in Australian recreational and competitive surfers. Methods Australian surfers were invited to complete an online surveillance survey to determine the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Results A total of 1348 surfers (56.9% recreational) participated in this study, of which 184 surfers reported a skin cancer (competitive n = 96, recreational n = 87). Of non-melanoma and melanoma cancers reported, BCC was the most common (6.8%), followed by melanoma (1.4%) and SCC (0.6%). The relative risk was higher (P \u3c 0.001) in competitive vs. recreational surfers [OR 1.74 (CI 1.28–2.31)]. There was a higher (P \u3c 0.05) number of skin cancers reported on the face (23.5%), back (16.4%) and arms (12.4%). There were significant trends (P \u3c 0.001) in reported skin cancers between competitive and recreational surfers, as well as significantly (P \u3c 0.001) more skin cancers reported in males (14.6%) than females (9.4%). Conclusion Based upon these findings, individuals who surf are advised to regularly uti- lize sun protection strategies (avoid peak ultraviolet radiation (10 am– 3 pm), rashvest, hat and sunscreen) and primary care physicians are rec- ommended to regularly screen their patients who surf

The Prevalence and Severity of External Auditory Exostosis in Young to Quadragenarian-Aged Warm-Water Surfers: A Preliminary Study

External auditory exostosis (EAE) has previously only been shown to occur in cold water surfers. We assessed young surfers living and surfing in Queensland, Australia, for EAE in water temp ranges from 20.6 °C (69.1 °F, Winter) to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F, Summer). All participants underwent a bilateral otoscopic examination to assess the presence and severity of EAE. A total of 23 surfers participated with a mean age of 35.4 years (8.3 years) and a mean surfing experience of 20.0 years (9.9 years). Nearly two-thirds of participants (n = 14, 60.9%) had regular otological symptoms, most commonly water trapping (n = 13, 56.5%), pain (n = 8, 34.8%), and hearing loss (n = 6, 26.1%). Only 8.7% (n = 2) of all surfers reported regular use of protective equipment (e.g., earplugs) on a regular basis. The overall prevalence of exostosis was 69.6% (n = 16), and the majority (n = 12, 80.0%) demonstrated bilateral lesions of a mild grade (<33% obstruction of the external auditory canal). This is the first study assessing EAE in young surfers exposed to only warm waters (above 20.6 °C). The prevalence of EAE in this study highlights that EAE is not restricted to cold water conditions, as previously believed. Warm water surfing enthusiasts should be screened on a regular basis by their general medical practitioner and utilize prevention strategies such as earplugs to minimize exposure to EAE development

Growth in Public Interest and Scientific Research on Kinesiology Taping

Kinesiology taping has grown in popularity, though there are a number of unsubstantiated claims made by some kinesiology taping advocates. An investigation was conducted into trends in general and scientific interest in kinesiology taping. Data in the public domain (Google Trends and Google Scholar data) indicated significant growth of interest both in terms of public search queries and scientific publications relevant to kinesiology taping. Cyclical trends in interest relevant to kinesiology taping were identified. Segmented regression indicated some of the growth in interest in kinesiology taping may be attributed to exposure of spectators of the Olympic Games to kinesiology taping in athletes. Despite substantial growth in research on kinesiology taping there remain unsubstantiated claims

South Dublin County Profile (NIRSA) Working Paper Series. No. 14

The main objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current situation in order to assist South Dublin County Development Board in the preparation of its strategy for economic, social and cultural development over the next ten years. The city and environs of Dublin now extend over a very extensive area, exceeding the boundaries of the Dublin administrative units. It represents a complex and dynamic functional entity with roles as both the national capital and the principal international gateway for the country. Since the mid 1990s the old county Dublin has been divided into four units for purposes of public administration, within each of which a City/County Development Board was established in 1999. As each Board is required to prepare a strategy for economic, social and cultural development, the approach adopted here is to provide an analysis that takes account of the wider context while also providing detailed small area analysis for the wards/DEDs of the CDB area

Retrospective analysis of chronic injuries in recreational and competitive surfers:Injury location, type, and mechanism

Only two studies have reported on chronic musculoskeletal surfing injuries. They found over half of the injuries were non-musculoskeletal, but did not consider mechanisms of injury. This study identified the location, type, and mechanisms of chronic injury in Australian recreational and competitive surfers using a crosssectional retrospective observational design. A total of 1,348 participants (91.3% males, 43.1% competitive surfers) reported 1,068 chronic injuries, 883 of which were classified as major. Lower back (23.2%), shoulder (22.4%), and knee (12.1%) regions had the most chronic injuries. Competitive surfers had significantly (p \u3c .05) more lower back, ankle/foot, and head/face injuries than recreational surfers. Injuries were mostly musculoskeletal with only 7.8% being of non-musculoskeletal origin. Prolonged paddling was the highest frequency (21.1%) for mechanism of injury followed by turning maneuvers (14.8%). The study results contribute to the limited research on chronic surfing injuries

Constraining the T2K neutrino oscillation parameter results using data from the off-axis near detector, ND280:Implementation of a nucleon removal energy systematic uncertainty treatment in the BANFF fit

Presented in this thesis are the results of the BANFF near-detector fit as part of the T2K 2020 neutrino oscillation parameter constraint, with a focus on the implementation of four nucleon-removal energy parameters, $\Delta E_{\mathrm{rmv}}$. These parameters correspond to the systematic uncertainty associated with the energetic cost, $E_{\mathrm{rmv}}$, of liberating a bound nucleon from the ground state of a nucleus in quasielastic neutrino scattering. Previously the dominant source of systematic uncertainty on the extraction of the neutrino mass splitting term $\Delta m^2_{32}$(NO)/$|\Delta m^2_{31}|$(IO), an update of the nuclear model used for CCQE interactions at T2K from a relativistic Fermi gas model to a spectral function model and a new treatment of the systematic uncertainty on $E_{\mathrm{rmv}}$ has allowed the total bias on $\Delta m^2_{32}$ to be reduced by a factor of 2.8, and does not impact T2K's ability to exclude leptonic CP-conservation. The fit to the ND280 data is an essential stage of the extraction of the PMNS mixing parameters from T2K's data in which the beam and interaction cross-section models common to ND280 and Super-Kamiokande are constrained by sampling the unoscillated beam. The ND280 data are shown to be consistent with the T2K model, reporting a p-value of $p=0.74$, an improvement on the previous ND280 fit $p=0.5$. A study of the postfit model shows an improved consistency with a p-value of $p=0.82$. The impact of propagating biases in the fits to the ND280 data to the fits to Super-Kamiokande data on the constraints on $\Delta m^2_{32}$ and $\delta_{CP}$ are investigated, shown to be small, and covered by an additional uncertainty term in the likelihood driven by fits to alternative models. The overall contribution of the $E_{\mathrm{rmv}}$ systematic uncertainty to the total variance on $\Delta m^2_{32}$ using the 2020 (2018) T2K implementation was estimated to be $\sigma_{E_{\text{rmv}}}^2/\sigma_{\Delta m^2}^2=1(6)\%$