4,390 research outputs found
Enumeration of Hypermaps of a Given Genus
This paper addresses the enumeration of rooted and unrooted hypermaps of a
given genus. For rooted hypermaps the enumeration method consists of
considering the more general family of multirooted hypermaps, in which darts
other than the root dart are distinguished. We give functional equations for
the generating series counting multirooted hypermaps of a given genus by number
of darts, vertices, edges, faces and the degrees of the vertices containing the
distinguished darts. We solve these equations to get parametric expressions of
the generating functions of rooted hypermaps of low genus. We also count
unrooted hypermaps of given genus by number of darts, vertices, hyperedges and
faces.Comment: 42 page
Effects of Mindfulness Based Teacher Training on Developing Teachers
Interest in the effects of mindful interventions in school settings continues to draw increasing interest. Mindfulness techniques for students as well as mindfulness training for teachers are consistently producing encouraging results. This study focused on teachers and support staff at the middle and high school levels. Specifically, teachers and staff who were within 0-5 years of teaching or 0-5 years new to a teaching position. Because other studies have produced positive results of mindfulness interventions on teachers, this study is focused on evaluating the impact of mindfulness training on teachers in the formative years of teaching and in new environments. This study involved nine subjects who held positions as art teachers, teaching assistants, special education teachers, wellness teachers and math teachers. Teachers were asked to complete the Beginning Teacherâs View of Self Questionnaire (BTVoSQ) as a pre and post evaluation tool. A focus group interview session was also scheduled for pre and post intervention. The intervention was a 6-week, online Mindfulness Based Teacher Preparation (MBTP) course. The primary influence on the construction of the MBTP curriculum was Jon Kabat-Zinnâs Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course. Other influences included Patricia Jennings Mindfulness for Teachers along with Laura Weaver and Mark Wildingâs, The 5 Dimensions of Engaged Teaching. These developing teachersâ view of self produced an increase in total score with a self-reported score on 13 items from the BTVoSQ questionnaire. These teachers also showed a noticeable improvement in self-attunement along with a recognizable improvement in the awareness of studentsâ emotional and attentional states during a closing interview session
Oxygen kinetics and energy expenditure in fulminant hepatic failure and during liver transplantation
This thesis examines aspects of oxygen transport and uptake in patients with
acute and chronic liver disease with specific reference to the management of fulminant
hepatic failure (FHF) and the intraoperative management of patients undergoing liver
transplantation.A prospective randomised controlled study was carried out in patients with
FHF evaluating the effect of the drug N- acetylcysteine on DO2, VO2, and tissue
oxygen extraction. A previous study showed that this drug increased all of these
oxygen kinetic variables, which was considered of therapeutic benefit. The present
study showed that this earlier finding was an artifact related to the method of
calculating oxygen consumption (the Fick method). This method produced unreliable
results in patients with FHF because it was inaccurate, non -reproducible, the the
relation between DO2 and VO2 was subject to mathematical couplig error. No
clinically significant improvements in any oxygen kinetic variables were observed after
N- acetylcysteine administration, even when followed for a prolonged period. Variable
effects on cardiovascular parameters were found, but overall no differences from the
control group were demonstrated. No relationship was found between plasma Nacetylcysteine concentrations and clinical response.A prospective study examining energy expenditure and the acute phase
response was carried out in patients with FHF. Energy expenditure was increased by
approximately 20 -25% in FHF in comparison with spontaneously breathing healthy
volunteers and physically anhepatic patients with chronic liver disease studied during
liver transplantation. Plasma TNFa, IL -6, and C- reactive protein were measured.
These were significantly elevated in comparison with healthy controls in keeping with
a significant acute phase response. The study indicated hypermetabolism during severe
FHF despite the loss of functioning liver cell mass and the effects of sedation,
analgesia, and mechanical ventilation. This was most likely attributable to a systemic
inflammatory response.In patients undergoing liver transplantation indirect calorimetry was used to
examine changes in metabolic rate and pulmonary physiology following graft
reperfusion. Significant changes in metabolic rate, oxygen transport, and acid -base
balance were demonstrated the factors which influence these changes were discussed.
The use of the piggyback surgical technique was associated with greater metabolic
stability than the use of venovenous bypass.A prospective observational study compared the two methods for managing
the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation, namely venovenous bypass or the
piggyback surgical technique. This study demonstrated higher cardiac output, VO2,
and blood temperature during the anhepatic phase with the piggyback surgical
technique. This suggested better preservation of tissue oxygenation with this
approach, which may translate into improved postoperative function.Two techniques of graft reperfusion, namely via the portal vein or the hepatic
artery, were compared in another prospective observational study. This study
indicated that the increase in VO2 after reperfusion occurred more slowly when the
hepatic artery was used, but was accompanied by a slower release of acid load into
the circulation and less requirement for vasopressor support. Reperfusion via the
hepatic artery may therefore be preferable in the patient at risk of haemodynamic or
cerebral decompensation following reperfusion, although further studies are required
to ensure graft outcome is equivalent with both techniques
Red cell transfusion triggers in critically ill patients: time for some new TRICCs?
Current evidence suggests that critically ill patients tolerate anaemia well and that blood transfusions may increase the risk of adverse outcomes. Dr Sakr and colleagues present a contradictory analysis of a surgical ICU cohort, finding an association between blood transfusions and lower hospital mortality after adjustment for a range of potential confounders. Analyses of this kind are interesting and provocative, but are limited by residual confounding and bias by indication. The data emphasise the need for additional high quality trials of transfusion practice in critical care
Polygraph Admission Through Compulsory Process
Polygraph evidence is included within the broad category of expert testimony, yet it is treated quite differently from other forms of expert testimony. If admissible at all for the defense, polygraph evidence almost always requires the stipulation of the prosecution for it to be admitted into court. Such a requirement vests solely, within the hands of a prosecutor, the ability to eliminate that proof which may be necessary for the defendant to effectively prove his innocence. Furthermore, in some jurisdictions a defendant cannot even place his faith in the sympathy of a prosecutor. Instead, a rule bars him from proving his innocence. Such rules and requirements may very well deny the defendant his constitutional right to compulsory process
Quantitative and Qualitative Responses of Lake Eola to Urban Runoff
For temperate lakes which receive a variable nutrient loading with seasonal variance in their hydrology, it is necessary to consider the dynamic response of the lake to these variable nutrient loadings. An approach to evaluate Lake Eola water quality responses to dynamic discharge of nutrients is presented. The major source of nutrients for this lake is stormwater runoff containing nitrogen and phosphorus. A mass balance of nutrient sources and sinks for the period of one year (April 1980 - March 1981) was performed. To accomplish this, a field determination for various parameters of the hydrologic budget was performed on a monthly basis. A monthly water quality analysis of the lake was measured. It was determined that Lake Eola was phosphorus limited and that 87% of the Total Phosphorus entering the lake via stormwater runoff was retained in the bottom sediments. Retention of various nutrients ranged from 77% to 93%. In order to evaluate the dynamic response of this lake, it was necessary to consider the retention of the nutrients as a function of time. The inductive methodology for this analysis and an example for Total Phosphorus is presented
Exercise rehabilitation for recovery from critical illness (Protocol)
Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
As part of an ongoing research education programme.This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation programmes, initiated after ICU discharge, on improving functional exercise capacity and quality of life in adult ICU survivors who have been mechanically ventilated for more than 24 hours.
We will compare an exercise intervention to any other intervention or a control or 'usual care' programme. Exercise includes any structured or taught programmes. Respiratory or inspiratory muscle training is excluded due to it being initiated within the ICU environment, for example with weaning from a ventilator, and not as post-discharge rehabilitation as required for this review.sch_phyAngus 1997
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and emergency medicine: a scientific report. Berlin Heidelberg New
York: Springer, 1997:289-98.
Angus 2003
Angus DC, Carlet J, Brussels Roundtable 2002 Participants.
Surviving intensive care: a report from the 2002 Brussels
Roundtable. Intensive Care Medicine 2003;29(3):368-77.
[PUBMED: 12536269 ]
Baumgartner 1999
Baumgartner WA,Walinsky PL, Salazar JD, Tseng EE, Brock MV,
Doty JR, et al.Assessing the impact of cerebral injury after cardiac
surgery: will determining the mechanism reduce the injury?. The
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10391329]
Brown 1990
Brown AB, McCartney N, Sale DG. Positive adaptation to weightlifting
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Burtin 2009
Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Ferdinande P, Langer D,
Troosters T, et al.Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances
short-term functional recovery. Critical Care Medicine 2009;37(9):
2499-505. [PUBMED: 19623052]
Chaboyer 2003
Chaboyer W, Grace J. Following the path of ICU survivors: a
quality improvement activity. Nursing in Critical Care 2003;8(4):
149-55. [PUBMED: 12940690]
Eddleston 2000
Eddleston J, White P, Guthrie E. Survival, morbidity, and quality of
life after discharge from intensive care. Critical Care Medicine 2000;
28(7):2293-9. [PUBMED: 10921555]
Elliott 2006
Elliott D, McKinley S, Alison J, Aitken L, King M. Study protocol:
Home-based rehabilitation for survivors of a critical illness. Critical
Care 2006;10(3):R90. [PUBMED: 16792792 ]
Fiatarone 1994
Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR,
Nelson ME, et al.Exercise training and nutritional supplementation
for physical frailty in very elderly people. New England Journal of
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Fletcher 2003
Fletcher S, Kennedy D, Ghosh I, Misra V, Kiff K, et al.Persistant
neuromuscular and neurophysiological abnormalities in long-term
survivors of prolonged critical illness. Critical Care Medicine 2003;
31(4):1012-6. [PUBMED: 12682465]
Frank 2000
Frank M, Schlapfer H, Otte B, Yasikoff N, Conzelmann M. Results
of neurorehabilitation. An outcome study 20 months after stroke.
Praxis 2000;89(44):1799-808. [PUBMED: 11109917]
Gill 2002
Gill TM, Baker DI, Gottschalk M, Peduzzi PN, Allore H, Byers A.
A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly
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Grimby 1986
Grimby G. Physical activity and muscle training in the elderly. Acta
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[PUBMED: 3535411]
Guyatt 2008
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y,
Schunemann HJ, et al.What is quality of evidence- and why is it
important to clinicians?. BMJ 2008;336:995-8. [PUBMED:
18456631]
Higgins 2008
Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic
Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated September 2008].
Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org: The Cochrane
Collaboration, 2008.
Iversen 2003
Iversen MD, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Enhancing function in older
adults with chronic low back pain: a pilot study of endurance
training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003;84
(9):1324-31. [PUBMED: 13680569]
Jolliffe 2001
Jolliffe J, Rees K, Taylor RRS, Thompson DR, Oldridge N,
Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. [DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD001800.]
King 1998
King J, Crowe J. Mobilisation practices in Canadian critical care
units. Physiotherapy Canada 1998;50(3):206-11. [MEDLINE:
0346574]
Kouidi 2002
Kouidi E. Exercise training in dialysis patients: why, when, and
how?. Artificial Organs 2002;26(12):1009-13. [PUBMED:
12460377]
Krishnan 2002
Krishnan KR, Delong M, Kraemer H, Carney R, Spiegel D,
Gordon C, et al.Comorbidity of depression with other medical
diseases in the elderly. Biological Psychiatry 2002;52(6):559-88.
[PUBMED: 12361669]
Lavie 2009
Lavie CJ, Thomas RJ, Squires RW, Allison TG, Milani RV. Exercise
training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary
prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009;
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Lewis M. Intensive care unit rehabilitation within the United
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Martin M, Salim A, Murray J, Demetriades D, Belzberg H, Rhee P.
The decreasing incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress
syndrome after injury: a 5-year observational study. Journal of
Trauma 2005;50(5):1107-13. [PUBMED: 16385287]
Mazzeo 2001
Mazzeo RS, Tanaka H. Exercise prescription for the elderly: current
recommendations. Sports Medicine 2001;31(11):809-18.
[PUBMED: 11583105]
Miller 2002
Miller MD, Crotty M, Giles LC, Bannerman E, Whitehead C,
Cobiac L, et al.Corrected arm muscle area: an independent
predictor of long-term mortality in community dwelling older
adults?. Journal of the America Geriatrics Society 2002;50(7):
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Paffenbarger 1986
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hseih CC. Physical activity,
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Puhan MA, Busching G, Schunemann HJ, VanOort E, Zaugg C,
Frey M. Interval versus continuous high-intensity exercise in
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals
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17146066]
Rantanen 2000
Rantanen T, Harris T, Leveille SG, Visser M, Foley D, et al.Muscle
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RevMan 5.0
The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration.
Review Manager (RevMan). 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic
Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008.
Schweickert 2009
Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ,
Esbrook CL, et al.Early physical and occupational therapy in
mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised
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19446324]
Smith 2006
Smith TP, Kennedy SL, Smith M, Orent S, Fleshner M.
Physiological improvements and health benefits during an exercisebased
comprehensive rehabilitation program in medically complex
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17201074]
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Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: toward an evidence-based
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Storch EK, Kruszynski DM. From rehabilitation to optimal
function: role of clinical exercise therapy. Current Opinion in
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Wiles 2009
Wiles L, Stiller K. Passive limb movements for patients in an
intensive care unit: A survey of physiotherapy practice in Australia.
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19819105]
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Yoshida T, Kohzuki M, Yoshida K, Hiwatari M, Kamimoto M,
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[PUBMED: 10894639]
Indicates the major publication for the study8pub1756pubArt.
Molecular Gas Properties of the Giant Molecular Cloud Complexes in the Arms and Inter-arms of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 6946
Combining observations of multiple CO lines with radiative transfer modeling
is a very powerful tool to investigate the physical properties of the molecular
gas in galaxies. Using new observations as well as literature data, we provide
the most complete CO ladders ever generated for eight star-forming regions in
the spiral arms and inter-arms of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, with observations
of the CO(1-0), CO(2-1), CO(3-2), CO(4-3), CO(6-5), 13CO(1-0) and 13CO(2-1)
transitions. For each region, we use the large velocity gradient assumption to
derive beam-averaged molecular gas physical properties, namely the gas kinetic
temperature (T_K), H2 number volume density n(H2) and CO number column density
N(CO). Two complementary approaches are used to compare the observations with
the model predictions: chi-square minimisation and likelihood. The physical
conditions derived vary greatly from one region to the next: T_K=10-250 K,
n(H2)=10^2.3-10^7.0 cm^-3 and N(CO)=10^15.0-10^19.3 cm^-2. The spectral line
energy distribution (SLED) of some of these extranuclear regions indicates a
star-formation activity that is more intense than that at the centre of our own
Milky Way. The molecular gas in regions with a large SLED turnover transition
(J_max>4) is hot but tenuous with a high CO column density, while that in
regions with a low SLED turnover transition (J_max<=4) is cold but dense with a
low CO column density. We finally discuss and find some correlations between
the physical properties of the molecular gas in each region and the presence of
young stellar population indicators (supernova remnants, HII regions, HI holes,
etc.)Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS, Accepte
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