THE PUBLIC ENEMY? A BUSINESS MODEL FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE CITY SERVICES

This paper proposes a new business model framework that allows the design and analysis of value networks for mobile services in a public context. It starts from a validated business model framework that relies on 12 design parameters to evaluate business models on, and expands it by eight parameters to include important aspects that come into play when a public entity (i.e. a city government) becomes (or wants to become) involved in the value network. Given the quickly changing power relations in the mobile telecommunications industry, this framework offers both an academic and practical tool, enabling the comparison and analysis of mobile city service business models

The City as a Service Platform: A Typology of City Platform Roles in Mobile Service Provision

This paper explores which roles city governments can take up in the context of the on-going platformisation of the mobile services industry. It takes an experimental approach by applying an existing typology for mobile service platforms to the context of the city, combined with an analysis of real-life examples. The paper identifies four city platform types; an enabler, integrator, neutral and broker city platform, each with different merits. The paper forms a starting point for research into platform strategies in the context of the city

Mobile App Strategies for Cities: Identifying Inhibiting and Contributing Factors

In a changing global landscape in which more things than people are connected to the internet, more mobile than fixed broadband subscriptions are active and more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities, smartphones and the mobile services and apps that run on them are the predominant interface between citizens and the so-called “Smart City”. This however, poses difficulties for cities and local governments that are faced with a plethora of new challenges in a changing public service context. This paper provides four different strategies local governments can take when it comes to thinking about mobile city services, as well as ten inhibiting and contributing factors that can be taken into account when considering an initiative in the volatile mobile sector. These strategies and factors are initial steps in re-thinking what cities should focus on in their efforts to becoming smarter, with mobile as a key starting point. Keywords: Smart Cities, mobile services, mobile apps, urban strategy

Moet hier een app voor zijn? Remmende en stuwende factoren om van Brussel een “slimme” stad te maken

Tegenwoordig zijn er meer dingen dan mensen verbonden met het internet, zijn er meer mobiele dan vaste breedbandabonnementen en woont meer dan 50% van de wereldbevolking in steden. Smartphones en de mobiele diensten en apps die hierop draaien zijn de dominerende interface geworden tussen de burgers en de zogenaamde “smart city”. Dit zorgt evenwel voor problemen voor steden en lokale overheden die zich geconfronteerd zien met een overvloed aan nieuwe uitdagingen in een veranderende publieke context. Dit artikel bevat negen remmende en stuwende factoren die de eerste stappen vormen voor steden in het algemeen, en Brussel in het bijzonder, om hun pogingen om “slimmer” te worden scherp te stellen, met het mobiele als belangrijk uitgangspunt.Today, more things than people are connected to the Internet, more mobile than fixed broadband subscriptions are active and more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Smartphones and the mobile services and apps that run on them have become the predominant interface between citizens and the so-called “Smart City”. This however, poses difficulties for cities and local governments that are faced with a plethora of new challenges in a changing public service context. This paper provides nine inhibiting and contributing factors that form initial steps in re-thinking what cities in general, and Brussels specifically, should focus on in their efforts to becoming “smarter”, with mobile as a key starting point.À l’heure actuelle, davantage de choses que de personnes sont connectées à internet, le nombre d’abonnements au haut débit mobile dépasse celui des abonnements au haut débit fixe et plus de 50 % de la population mondiale vit en milieu urbain. Les smartphones et les services et applications mobiles qu’ils exploitent sont devenus l’interface prédominante entre les citoyens et la ville dite « intelligente ». Pourtant, cette réalité pose certains problèmes aux villes et aux administrations locales confrontées à une multitude de nouveaux défis dans le cadre des services publics en pleine mutation. Cet article présente neuf facteurs défavorables et favorables constituant une première étape dans la réflexion sur ce que les villes en général, et Bruxelles en particulier, devraient concentrer leurs efforts en vue de devenir « plus intelligentes », en prenant comme point de départ la technologie mobile

Ne faudrait-il pas une application mobile pour ça ? Facteurs favorables et inhibants pour faire de Bruxelles une ville plus « intelligente »

À l’heure actuelle, davantage de choses que de personnes sont connectées à internet, le nombre d’abonnements au haut débit mobile dépasse celui des abonnements au haut débit fixe et plus de 50 % de la population mondiale vit en milieu urbain. Les smartphones et les services et applications mobiles qu’ils exploitent sont devenus l’interface prédominante entre les citoyens et la ville dite « intelligente ». Pourtant, cette réalité pose certains problèmes aux villes et aux administrations locales confrontées à une multitude de nouveaux défis dans le cadre des services publics en pleine mutation. Cet article présente neuf facteurs défavorables et favorables constituant une première étape dans la réflexion sur ce que les villes en général, et Bruxelles en particulier, devraient concentrer leurs efforts en vue de devenir « plus intelligentes », en prenant comme point de départ la technologie mobile.Today, more things than people are connected to the Internet, more mobile than fixed broadband subscriptions are active and more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Smartphones and the mobile services and apps that run on them have become the predominant interface between citizens and the so-called “Smart City”. This however, poses difficulties for cities and local governments that are faced with a plethora of new challenges in a changing public service context. This paper provides nine inhibiting and contributing factors that form initial steps in re-thinking what cities in general, and Brussels specifically, should focus on in their efforts to becoming “smarter”, with mobile as a key starting point.Tegenwoordig zijn er meer dingen dan mensen verbonden met het internet, zijn er meer mobiele dan vaste breedbandabonnementen en woont meer dan 50% van de wereldbevolking in steden. Smartphones en de mobiele diensten en apps die hierop draaien zijn de dominerende interface geworden tussen de burgers en de zogenaamde “smart city”. Dit zorgt evenwel voor problemen voor steden en lokale overheden die zich geconfronteerd zien met een overvloed aan nieuwe uitdagingen in een veranderende publieke context. Dit artikel bevat negen remmende en stuwende factoren die de eerste stappen vormen voor steden in het algemeen, en Brussel in het bijzonder, om hun pogingen om “slimmer” te worden scherp te stellen, met het mobiele als belangrijk uitgangspunt

Should there be an app for that? Inhibiting and contributing factors to the development of a mobile smart city strategy for Brussels

Today, more things than people are connected to the Internet, more mobile than fixed broadband subscriptions are active and more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Smartphones and the mobile services and apps that run on them have become the predominant interface between citizens and the so-called “Smart City”. This however, poses difficulties for cities and local governments that are faced with a plethora of new challenges in a changing public service context. This paper provides nine inhibiting and contributing factors that form initial steps in re-thinking what cities in general, and Brussels specifically, should focus on in their efforts to becoming “smarter”, with mobile as a key starting point.À l’heure actuelle, davantage de choses que de personnes sont connectées à internet, le nombre d’abonnements au haut débit mobile dépasse celui des abonnements au haut débit fixe et plus de 50 % de la population mondiale vit en milieu urbain. Les smartphones et les services et applications mobiles qu’ils exploitent sont devenus l’interface prédominante entre les citoyens et la ville dite « intelligente ». Pourtant, cette réalité pose certains problèmes aux villes et aux administrations locales confrontées à une multitude de nouveaux défis dans le cadre des services publics en pleine mutation. Cet article présente neuf facteurs défavorables et favorables constituant une première étape dans la réflexion sur ce que les villes en général, et Bruxelles en particulier, devraient concentrer leurs efforts en vue de devenir « plus intelligentes », en prenant comme point de départ la technologie mobile.Tegenwoordig zijn er meer dingen dan mensen verbonden met het internet, zijn er meer mobiele dan vaste breedbandabonnementen en woont meer dan 50% van de wereldbevolking in steden. Smartphones en de mobiele diensten en apps die hierop draaien zijn de dominerende interface geworden tussen de burgers en de zogenaamde “smart city”. Dit zorgt evenwel voor problemen voor steden en lokale overheden die zich geconfronteerd zien met een overvloed aan nieuwe uitdagingen in een veranderende publieke context. Dit artikel bevat negen remmende en stuwende factoren die de eerste stappen vormen voor steden in het algemeen, en Brussel in het bijzonder, om hun pogingen om “slimmer” te worden scherp te stellen, met het mobiele als belangrijk uitgangspunt

Data Ecosystem Business Models: Value and control in Data Ecosystems

Purpose: Organizations evolve from using and governing data internally towards the exchange of data in multi-organizational data ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to determine a business model framework for actors operating in and/or entering a data ecosystem. Methodology: To determine a business model framework in data ecosystems. an analysis was made based on how the research fields of “business models”, “data governance”, “data ecosystems”, “data sharing”, “business ecosystem” complement each other. A business model framework was created, which was applied to three use case studies in the field of Smart Cities and Urban Digital Twins: The Helsinki Digital Twin, the Rotterdam Digital Twin, and the Smart Retail Dashboard in Flanders. Findings: The business model of actors in a data ecosystem is determined by value and control factors. Value is determined by the capability to create value through the exchange of data in the ecosystem, and to capture value through revenue (sharing) models and cost (sharing) models. Control is determined by ecosystem control. Governance models on the ecosystem level are required to enable the collaboration and to ensure trust to allow for the willingness to share data. Additionally, data governance on an ecosystem level is required, enabling the data exchange between the actors. Research Limitations: The model was applied to three use cases in Smart Cities and Urban Digital Twins. Consequently, the data ecosystems concern a high presence of public actors, yet also includes private companies. The applicability needs to be identified in other sectors in further research. Additionally, as the scope of the study was on business models, data governance, data-sharing and data ecosystems, abstraction was made of fields of study beyond these topics. Value and practical implications: The Data Ecosystem Business Model framework can serve as a guideline for organizations entering a data ecosystem, as well as for actors aiming to establish novel data ecosystems. Additionally, the framework can serve as a high-level overview for further research into the field of business models in data ecosystems.

E-Government and Smart Cities: Theoretical Reflections and Case Studies

This editorial introduces the thematic issue on “E-Government and Smart Cities: Theoretical Reflections and Case Studies” and presents five articles and one commentary related to e-government and smart cities. All contributions take a use-case driven research approach to investigate, discuss and comment (on) overarching themes such as data, governance and participation which are inherently linked to the concepts of e-government and smart cities