69 research outputs found
Forest management and governance in Sweden
The transition to a sustainable society requires improved knowledge about what determines forest management and the relationship to governance and policies. This thesis constitutes a phronetic analysis of social practices in forest management at the local level and of how social practices materialise and influence forest governance and ultimately, forest management more broadly. Social practices are used as the object of study in the synthesising analysis of empirical findings in Papers I-IV. In doing so, tension-points have been identified and problematized. The research has applied a case study approach from local to national and European levels.
Identified social practices, relevant for determining actual forest management are mainly: personal relationships and trust towards professional forest advisors and purchasers; upholding and respecting local social values through discussing forest management with neighbours; intergenerational socialisation in relation to oneâs own forest creating emotional bonds with the forest and across generations; and a rural life-style including hard work and diverse businesses.
The identified tension-points include: i) two partially competing logics of practice: the traditional versus the professional logic where the latter is perceived by the former as a threat to local social values and, ii) a tendency of local social practices to streamline rather than to diversify forest management. From a policy-making perspective, trying to balance the different services from the forest, ways to address both logics of practice and the diversification of social practices should be explored. Especially, trusted advisors are a major factor determining forest management and policy outcomes. Current evolving practices of outreach strategies towards forest owners that decrease personal contact run the risk of eroding valuable social capital.
Participatory and collaborative forest governance efforts could build on the strong social capital and willingness to cooperate found at the local level. Power structures embedded between governance levels and among local stakeholders should, however, not be underestimated and more research into the pre-conditions for collaboration is needed. Social practices as the object of study provides a promising path for future studies in order to find effective policy solutions
Bioenergy from the forest â a source of conflict between forestry and nature conservation?
Bioenergy from the forest has been heavily debated in Sweden for several decades due to the interest of society to decrease dependence upon fossil fuels and limit the effects of climate change. The actual use of bioenergy from the forest has shifted over the years but increased during the last decades. Private actors within forest and nature conservation sectors play an important role for the development of bioenergy from the forest as well as for the debate and the implementation of political goals. Forestry in Sweden is characterised by âfreedom under responsibilityâ for private actors and the perspective of governance is valuable for studying actors and discourses. Actors have their own interests and goals and the study focuses on three key actors representing ownership, industrial and environmental interests respectively. The aim of the study is to describe how the key actorâs positions concerning bioenergy from the forest have developed between years 2000-2010. Positions and dominating discourses were identified by text analysis.
All the key actors in the study agree that the Swedish forest has to contribute more to the energy supply. The key actors however continue to have opposing positions regarding the implementation and the main conflicts are regulations and restrictions. The results of the study confirm earlier scientific findings that representatives of the forest industries and forest owners might argue in a new way but they are still mostly interested in power and the freedom to control the forest resource. At the same time, for large parts of the environmental movement, the profitability and production factors cannot motivate risking the protection of the ecosystem and biodiversity. For decision makers there are limited possibilities of finding synergies and practical solutions concerning the realization of the potential and the increased extraction of biomass from the forest for energy purposes.Bioenergi frĂ„n skogen har varit en omdebatterad frĂ„ga i Sverige under flera decennier. Viktiga faktorer som pĂ„verkat debatten om förnyelsebar energi Ă€r samhĂ€llets intresse av minskat oljeberoende, sĂ€krad energiförsörjning, en konkurrenskraftig ekonomi samt Ă€ven begrĂ€nsning av miljöpĂ„verkan och andra effekter av klimatförĂ€ndringar. Sverige har en lĂ„ng tradition av att utvinna energi frĂ„n skogsrĂ„vara, men den egentligen anvĂ€ndningen av skogsrĂ„vara för energi anĂ€vdning har sett olika ut över tid. Den ökade anvĂ€dningen av bioenergi frĂ„n skogen i Sverige under de senaste decenniet har underlĂ€ttats av redan existerande, starka aktörer. Skogssektorn i Sverige karaktĂ€riseras av âfrihet under ansvarâ och privata akötrer inom skogs- och naturskyddssektorn har spelat en viktig roll i debatten men ocksĂ„ för utformningen av de politiska sektorsmĂ„len. Aktörer agerar utifrĂ„n egna intressen och vĂ€rderingar och förstĂ„elsen av privata aktörers agerande Ă€r avgörande för att förstĂ„ utvecklingen av bioenergifrĂ„gan i Sverige. I studien identifierades representanter för Ă€gande-, industriella- och naturskydds intressen och utefter vissa kriterier utsĂ„gs tre nyckelaktörer nĂ€mligen; Skogsindustrierna, LRF SkogsĂ€garna och Naturskyddsföreningen. Syftet med studien var att beskriva utvecklingen av dessa tre nyckelaktörers positioner inom bioenergifrĂ„gan under tidsperioden Ă„r 2000-2010. Positionerna och dominerande diskurser identifierades medelst textanalys av remissvar.
Resultatet av studien visar att alla tre nyckelaktörer var överens om att den svenska skogen mĂ„ste bidra mer till energiförsörjningen. Nyckelaktörerna fortsĂ€tter dock att uppvisa motstridiga positioner i huvudsak vad gĂ€ller genomförandet av regleringar och restriktioner. De dominerande diskurserna bland aktörerna var âBioenergi frĂ„n skogen och Miljönâ, â- som en AffĂ€rsmöjlighetâ, â- Regleringar och restriktionerâ samt â samt â- KlimatförĂ€ndringarâ. Resultaten bekrĂ€ftar tidigare vetenskapliga studier av Ottosson (2011) och Lindkvist m fl (2011) som visat att skogsindustrierna och större skogsĂ€gare kanske argumenterar pĂ„ ett nytt sĂ€tt i dagens debatt men de Ă€r fortfarande mest intresserade av makten över, och friheten att kontrollera den skogliga resursen. Samtidigt kan inte, enligt stora delar av miljörörelsen, lönsamhet och produktionsfaktorer motivera ett risktagande rörande skyddet av ekosystemet och biodiversiteten.
Det existerar endast begrÀnsade möjligheter för besultsfattare att finna synergier och praktiska lösningar vad gÀller förverkligandet av skogens bioenergipotential och det ökade uttaget av biomassa frÄn skogen för energi. Framtida studier av aktörers positioner inom frÄgan om bioenergi frÄn skogen skulle gynnas av att undersöka aktörernas egentliga maktmedel och deras möjligheter till att driva igenom sin syn pÄ skogsbruk i skogen. Mer tekniskt inriktade studier skulle gynnas av att identifiera vilka tekniska lösningar aktörerna föreslÄr och om dessa eventuellt Àr praktiskt förenliga med varandra
Making forest research matter
HÀr presentas Future Forests svar pÄ Skogsstyrelsens omvÀrldsanalys med utgÄngspunkt i diskussionerna under forskarworkshoppen men slutgiltigt sammanstÀlld av Future Forests arbetsgrupp. Endast fyra av fem teman diskuterades under workshoppen och det femte temat om geopolitik och global ekonomi fick inga deltagare och utelÀmnades dÀrför i rapporten
Social capital in small-scale forestry: a local case study in Southern Sweden
Small-scale forestry builds upon interactions among local stakeholders. Forest management entails multiple social situations such as consultations or cooperative engagements between owners and forest professionals. Successful social endeavours rest on positive social capital as operationalised via trust. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews with forest owners, managers and other forestry stakeholders, this study explores how trust influences the social relationships in a local context of Southern Swedish forestry. Most strikingly, the analysis reveals large differences in owners' trust towards twomajor actors: the Swedish Forest Agency (SFA) and the forest owner association (FOA) Södra. Permanence of personnel, a client-based approach, and personal features of SFA's local forest officer lead to strong local anchoring and high trust towards SFA. Södra proved to be a trustful partner in the aftermath of calamities; however its industrial priorities seem to erode owners' trust. The empirical findings of this study demonstrate the importance of recognising personal relationships and the catalysing role of bonding social capital in order to understand the local forest management situations. Our results are useful for forestry organisations and policy-makers willing to comprehend the local context and implement best practices in small-scale forestr
Social dimensions of a forest-based bioeconomy : A summary and synthesis
How perceptions of the forest-based bioeconomy differ across country contexts and social groups is important as it opens possibilities for the development of more inclusive, locally and socially relevant bioeconomy policies and strategies. Therefore, this special section explores the social dimensions of the forest-based bioeconomy by focusing on discourses and perceptions of different actor groups in Europe. We introduce six articles that range from review and discursive approaches to consumer studies. The section adds to the existing literature by focusing not only on political decision makers, stakeholders, and experts but also on the public, media and students. Patterns in the presented discourses and perceptions can be identified but more is needed to validate these and respond to the question of representativeness.Peer reviewe
Detection of Retention Trees on Clearcuts, a 50-Year Perspective
Changes in clearcut management over time were evaluated using aerial photographs taken between 1960 and 2010. Temporal changes were analysed in two different climatic zones in Sweden: a typical boreal forest zone (the coast of VĂ€sterbotten County), and the hemi-boreal zone of southern Sweden (represented by Kronoberg County). The study covers the periods before and after the paradigm shift in Swedish forestry caused by the equalization of the production and nature conservation objectives specified in the first paragraph of the Swedish Forestry Act. Photographs were processed to determine clearcut size and shape and to register solitary retention trees and groups of retention trees. Small but significant changes in clearcut size were detected over time. The number of retention trees increased over time, a result that was also found in other studies using different methodologies. The results demonstrate that measurable structural changes have occurred in Swedish forests over the 25 years since the paradigm shift. Results from this study also show that digital detection of green tree retention could be a future complement to field inventory and monitoring
"Oj, mamma har friendat mig!"
B-uppsats i Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap vid Institutionen för Kommunikation och Medier; âOj, mamma har friendat mig!â. En kvalitativ studie i förĂ€ldrar- barnrelationen pĂ„ facebookâ, författad av Emma Viggh & Ida Wallin vid Lunds Universitet. Nyckelord: Facebook, Sociala medier, Identitet, Relationer, Ungdomar, FörĂ€ldrar Samtidens medievardag bĂ€ddar för en helt ny situation dĂ„ tidigare Ă„tskilda parter, som arbetsgivare och anstĂ€llda, förĂ€ldrar och barn, nu möts och interagerar i samma sociala nĂ€tforum. En process som sĂ€rskilt avspeglas i vĂ„rt valda medium, Facebook. Vi har i följande studie valt att se djupare vid just det sistnĂ€mnda; förĂ€ldra- barnrelationen och den komplexa situation som kan komma att uppstĂ„ dĂ„ förĂ€ldrar nĂ€rvarar och bevakar sin ungdoms skapande av det egna jaget, detta i en tid dĂ„ autonomi och frigörelse frĂ„n tidigare nĂ€ra hĂ„llna parter Ă€r en viktig process för ungdomen. VĂ„rt syfte med studien Ă€r att undersöka hur tonĂ„ringar i Ă„ldern 16-18 Ă„r anvĂ€nder och upplever mediet Facebook i relation till förĂ€ldrarnas nĂ€rvaro i samma nĂ€tverk. Vi har i studien utgĂ„tt ifrĂ„n ett kvalitativt tillvĂ€gagĂ„ngssĂ€tt och utfört semistrukturerade och personliga intervjuer med sju (7) utvalda respondenter. Vi framstĂ€llde till intervjutillfĂ€llet en övergripande intervjuguide som inleddes med kartlĂ€ggande frĂ„gor och avslutades med frĂ„gor av mer öppen karaktĂ€r. Respondenterna Ă€r alla mellan 16-18 Ă„r och har en eller flera förĂ€ldrar som âvĂ€nâ pĂ„ Facebook. Vi kan efter studiens genomförande konstatera att vĂ„ra respondenters instĂ€llning till förĂ€ldrarnas nĂ€rvaro pĂ„ mediet Facebook prĂ€glas av viss komplexitet. Det finns en problematik i den uppkomna situtationen dĂ„ somliga av ungdomarna kĂ€nner sig pĂ„passade och obekvĂ€ma med förĂ€ldrarnas nĂ€rvaro. Tillika vittnar vissa respondenter om konflikter som uppstĂ„tt mellan dem och förĂ€ldrarna rörande publicerat material pĂ„ mediet. Vi kan samtidigt se en Ă„terkommande positiv instĂ€llning till förĂ€ldranĂ€rvaron, bland annat genom respondentens upplevelse av att förĂ€ldern kan uppnĂ„ en ökad tilltro till hen genom den nya uppsiktsmöjligheten, men Ă€ven genom en mer tilltagen vardagskontakt förĂ€lder och barn emellan. Vi reflekterar kring möjligheten att ungdomarna inte lĂ€ngre befinner sig i ett frigörelsestadium gentemot förĂ€ldern utan snarare Ă€r pĂ„ vĂ€g in i en fas av Ă„teranknytning
Normbrytande eller normbekrÀftande? En kvalitativ innehÄllsanalys av TV-serien "Girls" utifrÄn ett genusperspektiv
Abstract Studiens syfte Ă€r att kritiskt analysera TV-serien Girls, en serie som tillskrivits egenskaper som implicerar en normkritisk och banbrytande framstĂ€llning av unga kvinnor i dagens amerikanska medelklassamhĂ€lle. I förlĂ€ngningen syftar studien till att undersöka huruvida dagens visuella medier bidrar till att bekrĂ€fta eller utmana den rĂ„dande könsmaktsordningen och dĂ€r tillhörande normer. Ăr TV-serien Girls normkritisk och banbrytande vad gĂ€ller framstĂ€llningen av unga kvinnors livsvillkor i relation till utseende och kroppsuppfattning, sexualitet, maktstrukturer mellan könen samt de konventioner och stereotyper som existerar för mĂ€n respektive kvinnor? Studien vilar pĂ„ den hermeneutiska lĂ€ran om tolkning och förstĂ„else och prĂ€glas vidare av ett perspektivistiskt stĂ€llningstagande till vad som Ă€r befintlig sanning. Den huvudsakliga metoden i uppsatsen sorterar under diskursiv innehĂ„llsanalys som har kompletterats med observationsverktyg frĂ„n frĂ€mst semiotiken men Ă€ven frĂ„n narratologi. Analyserat material bestĂ„r av den första sĂ€songen av Girls, tio avsnitt ĂĄ ca 30 minuter. Som komplement och referenspunkt anvĂ€ndes Ă€ven samtliga tio avsnitt av SVTs paneldiskussion TV-cirkeln: Girls. Resultatet av studien visar pĂ„ en delvis normbrytande syn pĂ„ och framstĂ€llning av kvinnans kropp och sexualitet samt konventioner och maktstrukturer inom sociala relationer, men tycks Ă€ven pĂ„ mĂ„nga vis vara en reproducent av rĂ„dande normer. Resultat visar pĂ„ en dubbelsidig och komplicerad relation till genusvetenskapliga teorier om könskonventioner och köns olikartade framstĂ€llning i medier. Key words: Girls, genus, innehĂ„llsanalys, feminism, sexualitet, kroppsuppfattning, stereotyp Normbrytande eller normbekrĂ€ftande? En kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys av TV-serien âGirlsâ utifrĂ„n ett genusperspektiv Emma Viggh & Ida Wallin Institutionen för kommunikation och medier, Lunds universite
Envisioning future forested landscapes in Sweden â Revealing local-national discrepancies through participatory action research
Governance of forested landscapes must account for multiple interests and perspectives through public and stakeholder participation. In the context of Swedish forestry, participation has mainly been implemented as a top-down venture, without adequate integration of all interests. Linking local interests to national policy-making through participatory action research and future-oriented methodologies has not yet been tried in Sweden. We develop and implement a participatory action research model with the objectives to (i) facilitate a discussion among local stakeholders about their common future in relation to their forested landscapes and, (ii) to connect the local level with the national, institutional level. First, local stakeholders are brought together to create commonly desired visions in case studies of two forested landscapes in Sweden. Second, national policy-makers are engaged in a discussion on how to achieve the locally-desired visions. The ability of the two-step participatory action research model to achieve these objectives is then evaluated based on norms of Communicative Action and criteria of participatory planning. The results demonstrate the positive opportunity to engage local stakeholders in a constructive discussion about their common future, but also show some practical constraints of participatory methods, in particular the risk of institutional authorities disregarding local knowledge and claims
Knowledge co-production in the Helge Ă„ catchment: a comparative analysis
Addressing sustainability challenges in landscape management requires processes for co-producing usable knowledge together with those who will use that knowledge. Participatory futures methods are powerful tools for attaining such knowledge. The applications of such methods are diverse and understanding the intricacies of the knowledge co-production process is important to further develop these research practices. To improve participatory futures methods and contribute to systematic and critical reflections on methodology, we present a comparative analysis of four research projects that applied participatory futures methods in the same study area. Conducted between 2011 and 2020, these projects aimed to co-produce knowledge about the future provision of ecosystem services in the Helge Ă„ catchment area in southern Sweden. For structuring the post-hoc, self-reflexive analysis, we developed a framework dividing the knowledge co-production process into three dimensions: settings, synthesis and diffusion. We based the analysis on documentation from the projects, a two-step questionnaire to each research team, a workshop with co-authors and interviews with key participants. The comparison highlights steps in project decision-making, explicit and implicit assumptions in our respective approaches and how these assumptions informed process design in the projects. Our detailed description of the four knowledge co-production processes points to the importance of flexibility in research design, but also the necessity for researchers and other participants to adapt as the process unfolds
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