Digital vibroacoustic signal processing for combustions in heavy-duty diesel engine for operational and environmental machine efficiency

The paper concerns the assessment of a combustion process correctness in direct injection compression-ignition engine of a HDV vehicle. The method of such diagnoses is based on the vibration acceleration signal and its digital processing. Identification of a combustion process runs and detection of some failures taking place in the combustion chamber during engine working cycles are important in the point of view of environmental and operational engines characteristics. That is why the authors considered this scientific problem, trying to show the possibility of the precise diagnosis of combustion process regarding with the requirements of OBD regulations. The method of misfire identification for a compression-ignition engine, based on results of parameterizations of a time-frequency a(t,f) map of an engine vibration signal taken from engine heads, was used in the diagnostic process. Parameterization of a(t,f) map gives measures covariable with misfire in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and obtained point measures can be used as diagnostic parameters for combustion process control and its diagnostics. Reliability of a method for combustion process assessment was checked for research conducted in stationary and real engine operation conditions

Analysis of vibroacoustic estimators for a heavy-duty diesel engine used in sea transport in the aspect of diagnostics of its environmental impact

The paper describes the impact of a marine engine operation on selected vibroacoustic quantity estimators and their characteristics made in different signal domains. The authors focused on the assessment of the combustion process diagnostic for the engine operating characteristics to obtain information on its functional relations and its nature determined by changes in the main structural and operational point measures, in a powertrain of a non-road means of sea transport. In the empirical research, the vibration, acoustic signal generation and its propagation have been selected to obtain quantitative measures of an engine diagnostic assessment. The authors have confirmed that the considered vibroacoustic estimators and their specified characteristics can be useful for a continuous engine assessment in a vehicle during its normal operation, which gives additional tools to perform more accurate diagnostics under real stationary and non-stationary operating conditions. Furthermore, it makes it possible to identify malfunctions in regular operation of the means of transport, which can be also helpful in the identification of their sources. All such factors and the obtained analyses are in strict correlation with the present and future requirements of the international and domestic regulations for means of transport fitted with combustion engines

UV-induced spectral shift and protonation of DNA fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258

DNA-bound Hoechst 33258 is readily excited with UV light and emits blue fluorescence, however, upon exposure to UV, the dye undergoes photobleaching as well as photoconversion to a blue-excited green-emitting form. We demonstrate that the UV-generated green-emitting form of Hoechst 33258 exhibits spectral properties very similar to the form of the dye that can be obtained by subjecting it to an acidic environment (pH 0.5–3.0). We also demonstrate that exposure of Hoechst 33258 to UV light (or hydrogen peroxide) leads to generation of the protonated (1+, 2+, 3+ and possibly the 4+) forms of the dye. Photoconversion of Hoechst 33258 has recently been exploited in single molecule localisation microscopy, thus understanding photophysics of this process can facilitate further development of high resolution optical imaging

Sex-related differences in the dioecious species Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh : analysis of the content of phenolic constituents in leaf extracts

Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. is mentioned as a European folk medicinal plant. This species has also been traditionally used as an edible plant in Eastern Europe because of its nutritional value. During the study, qualitative and quantitative sex-related differences of phenolic constituents in methanolic leaf extracts of R. thyrsiflorus were evaluated. The presence of the same substances (nine phenolic acids before, and six phenolic acids after acid hydrolysis, nine flavonoids, and a catechin) was estimated in both female and male specimens, using the HPLC-DAD method. A statistically significant higher content of eleven constituents in female plant extracts (acids: chlorogenic, p-coumaric, cryptochlorogenic, gallic, protocatechuic, neochlorogenic, vanillic; flavonoids: quercitrin, rhamnetin, rutoside; and a catechin) was shown. This is the first report concerning the relation between the sex and the content of biologically active phenolic secondary metabolites in leaf extracts of R. thyrsiflorus. Female plants of R. thyrsiflorus could be useful for pharmaceutical purposes as a preferential source of bioactive phenolic acids, flavonoids and especially catechin

Analysis of vibroacoustic estimators for a heavy-duty diesel engine used in sea transport in the aspect of diagnostics of its environmental impact

The paper describes the impact of a marine engine operation on selected vibroacoustic quantity estimators and their characteristics made in different signal domains. The authors focused on the assessment of the combustion process diagnostic for the engine operating characteristics to obtain information on its functional relations and its nature determined by changes in the main structural and operational point measures, in a powertrain of a non-road means of sea transport. In the empirical research, the vibration, acoustic signal generation and its propagation have been selected to obtain quantitative measures of an engine diagnostic assessment. The authors have confirmed that the considered vibroacoustic estimators and their specified characteristics can be useful for a continuous engine assessment in a vehicle during its normal operation, which gives additional tools to perform more accurate diagnostics under real stationary and non-stationary operating conditions. Furthermore, it makes it possible to identify malfunctions in regular operation of the means of transport, which can be also helpful in the identification of their sources. All such factors and the obtained analyses are in strict correlation with the present and future requirements of the international and domestic regulations for means of transport fitted with combustion engines

Analisys of in vivo dosimetry using semiconductor detectors in a Co-60 radiotherapy beam

Results of in vivo dosimetry carried out on the Alcyon Co-60 radiotherapeutical beam using the SCANDITRONIX DPD-3 system with EDE-5-type semiconductor defectors, will be presented.Differences Between planned and measured entrance dose for open fields and for fields formed using wedge compensation filters were studied over a period of 15 months, for patients positioned to receive their first fraction. Of the different sites studied, most were head&neck and breast localizations

25 Zewnętrzny audit dozymetryczny wiązek fotonowych nowych aparatów teleradioterapii stosowanych w COOK

WstępJednym z podstawowych elementów systemu zapewnia jakości w teleradioterapii jest kontrola wydajności wiązek terapeutycznych. Międzynarodowe zalecenia dotyczące systemu zapewniania jakości w radioterapii przewidują stosowanie zewnętrznych procedur kontroli wdrożonego w ośrodku radioterapii systemu zapewniania jakości, czyli auditu zewnętrznego. Program EOUAL-ESTRO realizuje te zalecenia umożliwiając uzyskanie informacji o energii i wydajności aparatu dla pól otwartych oraz sklinowanych, poprzez porównanie odczytu detektorów termoluminescencyjnych napromienionych w ośrodku poddawanym kontroli z detektorami napromienionymi w międzynarodowym ośrodku referencyjnym.CelSprawdzenie poprawności kalibracji wiązek fotonowych stosowanych w COOK aparatów terapeutycznych: Theratron 780 E (Co-60), Clinac 600 (X 6 MV) i Neptun 10 PC (X 9 MV) przez audit międzynarodowy.Materiał i metodyProgram EQUAL-ESTRO (ESTRO Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy) stanowi kontynuację programu rozpoczętego w 1992 roku przez Unię Europejską (UE) w ramach europejskiego programu walki z rakiem. Obecnie Ośrodkiem referencyjnym dla krajów UE jest Institut Gustave Roissy (IGR) w Villejuif (Francja), ściśle współpracujący z Międzynarodową Agencją Energii Atomowej w Wiedniu. Program obejmuje wiązki fotonowe i oparty jest na wysyłkowej dozymetrii termoluminescencyjnej. Przedmiotem pomiarów są nie tylko wydajności wiązek dla pól otwartych, ale również z pól sklinowanych oraz jakość wiązek. Przesłane przez IGR detektory umieszczono w specjalnym statywie i napromieniano w fantomie wodnym w warunkach określonych dostarczonym protokołem pomiarowym, zgodnie z którym na detektory znajdujące się w punktach referencyjnych należało poddać dawkę 2 Gy.Wyniki i wnioskiOpracowane w ośrodku referencyjnym wyniki podzielone są na dwie części. W każdej z nich zamieszczono wartości podane przez badany ośrodek (COOK), wartości zamierzone w ośrodku referencyjnym (IGR) oraz stosunki tych wartości. Pierwsza część zawiera wyniki uzyskane w osiach wiązek, druga – dodatkowe wyniki kontrolnych obliczeń dozymetrycznych, otrzymane pośrednio z wyników części pierwszej. Uzyskane w COOK wyniki dla nowo zainstalowanych aparatów: Theratron 780E i Clinac 600 oraz dla zmodernizowanego aparatu Neptun 10 PC zawierają się w poziomie optymalnym (odchylenia poniżej (3%), co potwierdza poprawność stosowanego w COOK protokołu dozymetrycznego opartego na publikacji TRS 277