Feed Restriction on Productive Performance of Layer Chickens: A Review

Feed restriction is method of feeding where time, duration and amount of feed are limited, and it has an impact on whether a bird is capable of achieving the same productive performance as unrestricted birds. Feed restriction included of quantitative and qualitative restriction that is in quantitative to limiting the amount of feed daily given to the animals whereas a qualitative restriction is related to nutrient dilution in the diet. Different research results indicated that restriction of feed on layers production have controversial effect on feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, body weight gain, egg weight and quality. Overall, the potential of feed restriction programs as a management’s tool is important to increasing the egg production, egg quality, reduce maintenance requirements and improvement of feed efficiency in layers chickens. Also can be lead to economical saving in cost of feeding in layers chicken, thus may be usefulness for commercial layers chicks production farms. Keywords: feed restriction, Layers, performance, production DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-11-04 Publication date:June 30th 202

Growth Performance of Jersey Calves fed Maize Stover Silage based Total Mixed Ration compared to Calves fed Hay and Concentrate Separately

አህፅሮት   ይህ ጥናት የተካሄደው በ2011 ዓ.ም. በአዳበረጋ ንዑስ  ምርምር ማዕከል ነበር፡፡ የጥናቱ ዋና ዓላማ የተፈጨ የቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራ ከተለያዩ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ማለትም ፋጉሎ፣ ፉርሽካ፣ ጥጥ ፍሬ፣ ሞላስስ እና ጨውን  እና  በማዋሀድ በታዳጊ የወተት ጥጆች የዕድገት መጠን ላይ የሚያሳድረውን ተፅዕኖ ማጥናት ነበር፡፡ ለዚህ ሙከራም በቆሎን በመዝራትና በእሸት ደረጃው በማጨድ፣ በቆሎውን እና አገዳውን በመለያየት በቆሎውን በፀሀይ በማድረቅ እና ርጥብ የበቆሎ አገዳውን በመፍጭት (ከ5-10 ሳ.ሜ) ሙከራው ተጀመረ፡፡ አንድ እጅ የተፈጨ የበቆሎ አገዳን (ከ5-10 ሳ.ሜ) ከሶስት እጅ ሞላሰስ እና ውኃ ጋር በማዋሀድ ለተከታታይ 45 ቀናት በጉድጓድ በመቅበር የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራ ተዘጋጀ፡፡ ለዚህም 1ኛው አማራጭ 50 እጅ ያልተፈጨ የሳር ድርቆሽ እና 50 እጅ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ሳይቀላቀል መመገብ ሲሆን ሁለተኛው አማራጭ ደግሞ 50 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ50 እጅ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ጋር በማዋሀድ ውህዱን ለተከታታይ አንድ መቶ ሰማኒያ (180) ቀናት መመገብ ነበር፡፡ በሁለኛው አማራጭ የተሻለ ዕለታዊ የጥጃ እድገት መጠን የተመዘገበ ስለሆነ አርሶ አደሮች ይህን ዘዴ ቢጠቀሙ ምርታቸውን ማሳደግ ይችላሉ፡፡   Abstract   The study was conducted in 2019 at Ada’abrega sub-centre of Holetta Agricultural Research. A total of eighteen posts weaned female Jersey calves (weighing, 72 ± 1.33 kg, mean ± SE) were selected and randomly assigned in two sample T-test each having nine calves. The treatments were control diet consisting of natural pasture hay (50%) basal diet and concentrate mixture (50%) separately (T1) and dual purpose green maize stover silage (50%) and concentrate mixture (50%) based total mixed ration (TMR) (T2). The experiment took 180 days of feeding trial and 7 days of a digestibility trial. The daily dry matter intake of calves fed T2 (5.41 kg) was higher (p<0.05) than those calves receiving T1 (4.64 kg). Daily nutrient intake of calves receiving the intervention diet (T2) followed a similar trend as for DM intake.  Feed digestibility was significantly affected (p<0.05) by diets and calves fed T2 showed higher (p<0.05) apparent dry matter digestibility than calves fed T1 diets. A feed conversion ratio of the calves was not affected (p>0.05) by diets but the average daily weight gain of calves in the T2 group (530g) was higher (p<0.05) than those calves in a group (450g). In conclusion, the growth performance of calves fed the dual purpose green maize stover silage based total mixed ration diet was superior to calves fed natural pasture hay and concentrate mixture following the conventional feeding practice. A follow up research is needed to investigate comparative advantages of using maize crop for dual purposes (food & feed) than as a food for human alone considering both biological responses and economic returns that arise thereof.  &nbsp