Internal migration and regional policy in Iraq.

This Thesis examines the character of internal migration in Iraq. In Part I and II the agricultural conditions and population movement are analysed for the regions and subregions of the country. The analysis suggests that the major factor leading to migration is the deterioration of the agricultural sector, and that the main migration problem areas are the flow irrigated Central and Southern Regions. Policies devised to deal with the agricultural sector seem to fail due to difficulties of implementation. In the third and fourth Parts of this Thesis Case Studies of the Migrant Settlements in the Capital and of the Reverse Migration Project set up outside the Capital are examined. The objectives of this examination were primarily to gain greater understanding of the rural migration pattern to the Capital, the main recipient of rural migrants in the country, and to assess the effectiveness of the Reverse Migration Project. Both Case Studies' data uphold the characteristics of the migration pattern shown in the examination of the population movement in Part II of the Thesis and also support the suggestion that the deterioration of the agricultural sector is the main factor for rural migration in Iraq. Case Studies data further support the single stage to the Capital pattern of migration suggested in the first two Parts. of the Thesis. Analysis of the Reverse Migration Project Case Study shows that while the experiment was basically successful, as far as keeping the relocated migrants in their new rural environments, administrative and bureaucratic problems are seriously threatening the future of the project. A series of short, medium and long range measures to deal with the migration movement (as a direct option) and with the agricultural sector (as an indirect option) form the bases of the conclusions where the regional differentials for these suggested measures are emphasized

A Comparative Study of Pedicled Versus Skeletonized Left Internal Mammary Artery Harvesting Techniques Regarding Rate of Mediastinitis Post CABG in Diabetic Patients

Background: For grafting the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) has become the gold standard. Pedicled and skeletonized methods are the two most common harvesting procedures. Objective: In this study we compared between both techniques regarding incidence of postoperative mediastinitis in diabetic patients. Patients and methods: 80 diabetic patients with controlled diabetes i.e. HbA1c below 7 underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, according to the procedure applied to harvest the LIMA: Group 1: 40 patients underwent pedicled LIMA and Group 2: 40 patients underwent skeletonized LIMA. After CABG surgery, the cases had a 3-month follow-up time. Results: In the pedicled LIMA group, the frequency of excessive intraoperative usage of bone wax was significantly increased. A significant increase was found regarding the occurrence of sternal wound infections (SWI) in the pedicled LIMA group (22.5%) versus (12.5%) within the skeletonized one, (P-value = 0.003). The univariate analysis of the factors related to SWI in all of the studied CABG patients were obesity [OR (95% CI): 15.61 (5.78-42.12), P <0.001], pedicled ITA [OR (95% CI): 4.3(1.4-12.9), P 0.004], intraoperative excessive use of bone wax [OR (95% CI): 14.53(6.48-32.56), P <0.001], and intraoperative excessive use of diathermy [OR (95% CI): 17.31(7.55-39.4), P <0.001]. Conclusion: In comparison to pedicled LIMA, skeletonized LIMA in CABG was correlated to reduced occurrence of superficial as well as deep SWI among diabetic patients

Modification and implementation of NCCN guidelines on prostate cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Abstract A prostate cancer committee was established to modify the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) on Prostate Cancer for adaptation and implementation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The objective was to enhance the multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of prostate cancer. The committee, comprising regional experts in the fields of urologic, medical, and radiation oncology, reviewed the 2009 version of the NCCN Guidelines on Prostate Cancer and suggested modifications based on the unique needs of the regions determined through published evidence and local expertise. The committee identified several areas in the NCCN Guidelines that they believed required modification, which are presented in this article. The treatment of prostate cancer in the MENA region has numerous challenges. The hope is that this effort to modify the NCCN Guidelines on Prostate Cancer for practical use in the MENA region will improve regional awareness and patient care

Effect of Size and Location of Square Web Openings on the Entire Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study which was carried out to examine the influence of the size and the layout of the web openings on the load carrying capacity and the serviceability of reinforced concrete deep beams. Five full-scale simply supported reinforced concrete deep beams with two large web openings created in shear regions were tested up to failure. The shear span to overall depth ratio was (1.1). Square openings were located symmetrically relative to the midspan section either at the midpoint or at the interior boundaries of the shear span. Two different side dimensions for the square openings were considered, mainly, (200) mm and (230) mm. The strength results proved that the shear capacity of the deep beam is governed by the size and location of web openings. The experimental results indicated that the reduction of the shear capacity may reach (66%). ABAQUS finite element software program was used for simulation and analysis. Numerical analyses provided un-conservative estimates for deep beam load carrying capacity in the range between (5-21%). However, the maximum scatter of the finite element method predictions for first diagonal and first flexural cracking loads was not exceeding (17%). Also, at service load the numerical of midspan deflection was greater than the experimental values by (9-18%)

A Statistical Model to Predict the Strength Development of Geopolymer Concrete Based on SiO2/Al2O3 Ratio Variation

Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) is a new class of concrete that presents a vital improvement in sustainability and the environment, particularly in recycling and alternative construction methods. Geopolymers offer a sustainable, low energy consumption, low carbon footprint, and a 100% substitute for the Portland cement binder for civil infrastructure applications. Furthermore, many aluminosilicate materials can be obtained as by-products of other processes, such as coal combustion or the thermal pulping of wood. In addition, slag and fly ash are necessary to source materials for geopolymer. Therefore, geopolymer is considered a solution for waste management that can minimize greenhouse gas emissions. In this statistical study, the present experimental work and found experimental data were collected from local and international literature and were used to build and validate the statistical models to predict the strength development of Geopolymer concrete with binary and ternary systems of source materials. The main independent variable was R, representing the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3by weight in the source material. The investigated range of R was 1.42–3.6. Nine concrete geopolymer mixes with R in the above range represent the experimental part carried out. The targeted properties were compressive, splitting, and flexural strengths. The experimental results showed that the R ratio significantly influences the mechanical performance of the final product. The compressive strength improved by 82, 86, 93, and 95%, when metakaolin content was partially replaced by fly ash and GGBS by percentages of 30, 70, 72, 90, and 95% for mixes 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 respectively. Also, when GGBS partially replaced fly ash content by 36% and 100% for mixes 6 and 9, compressive strength improved by 10.6% and 41.8%, respectively, compared to mix4. Furthermore, the statistical study revealed that the R ratio might be utilized to determine geopolymer strength with reasonable accuracy. The built models were developed by linear and non-linear regression analysis using SPSS software, version 25. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-03-04 Full Text: PD

Ceramic Filled Polymer Matrix Composite Used For Bio-Medical Application

Synthetic polymers such as polyurethane are used widely in the field of biomedical applications such as implants or part of implant systems. This work focuses on the preparation of base polymer matrix composite materials by (Hand Lay-Up) method ,and studying the effect of selected weight fractions (3 , 6 , 9 , 12 ,15) % wt of Calcium oxide (CaO) , Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Magnesium oxide (MgO) ,and Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) particles on some properties of the prepared composite. Some mechanical tests were used to evaluate the prepared system (Tensile, Compression, Impact, and Hardness) tests, and a physical test of (Water absorption %), and all tests were accomplished at room temperature. maximum results of tensile strength, compression strength, impact energy, hardness, water absorption were ( (31 MPa),( 51 MPa),( o.265 J), (79.8 Shor (D)), (0.229 %)) at using ( (9% wt (MgCO3)) , ( 9% wt of (MgCO3)) , ( 9% wt of (CaCO3)) , ( 15% wt of (MgO)) , ( 15% wt of (MgCO3)) respectivel

A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF STRATEGIC MANEUVERING IN SELECTED POLITICAL INTERVIEWS

This study deals with strategic maneuvering in selected political interviews from the pragmatic point of view represented by two interviews with: Cheney and Obama. It falls in five sections; section one is an introduction, section two provides a literature review on strategic maneuvering and the related pragmatic theories to the current study, section three is to develop a model for the process of strategic maneuvering analysis, section four is about the analysis of the data, and section five sums up the conclusions. The study attempts to investigate strategic maneuvering strategies and stages. To achieve such aims, a model is developed for the analysis of strategic maneuvering in the selected political interviews. The findings of the analysis verify the hypotheses represented by the process of strategic maneuvering stages, and strategies in the two selected political interviews.

Competitive Adsorption of Three Reactive Dyes by Activated Carbon

In this study three reactive dyes (blue B, red R and yellow Y) in single , binary and ternary solution were adsorbed by activated carbon AC in equilibrium and kinetic experiments. Surface area, Bulk and real density, and porosity were carried out for the activated carbon. Batch Experiments of pH (2.5-8.5) and initial concentration (5-100) mg/l were carried out for single solution for each dye. Experiments of adsorbent dosage effect (0.1-1)g per 100 ml were studied as a variable to evaluate uptake% and adsorption capacity for single dyes(5, 10) ppm, binary and ternary (10) ppm of mixture solutions solution of dyes. Langmuir, and Freundlich, models were used as Equilibrium isotherm models for single solution. Extended Langmuir and Freundlich were used of multi-dyes solutions. Kinetic (contact time) experiments carried out for single dyes (5, 10)ppm, binary and ternary(10) ppm of mixture solutions at dosage of adsorbent 5 g/l and pH(6.2-6.7) in order to investigate the fitting with the kinetic models (pseudo first and second order) and intrapartical to determine the mechanism of transfer the molecules of dye from bulk phase to solid phase. Beer law principle and modified method Multi linear Regression (MLR) was used for single, binary and ternary dyes solution