Use of Quinolones for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis

The low minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the quinolones for most pathogenic gram-negative and many gram-positive organisms, the ease of their administration, and their good oral absorption make them good candidates for the treatment of chronic bone infections. Data presently available suggest that the quinolones are effective in the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, osteomyelitis due to other gram-negative organisms, and (when combined with rifampin) in the treatment of gram-positive osteomyelitides. Quinolones have also been shown to be effective in the treatment of experimental septic arthritis. These results were confirmed by clinical studies. Quinolones have been effective in the treatment of patients with gram-negative bacterial bone infections and have been as effective as conventional antistaphylococcal therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, it should be kept in mind that as yet quinolones have not been released for use as therapy for childhood infection

Methods of regularization for computing orbits in celestial mechanics

Numerical and analytical methods for orbit computation in celestial mechanics during and beyond collision by introduction of regularized coordinate

Gentamicin Inactivation in Purulent Exudates: Role of Cell Lysis

Factors contributing to the binding and reversible inactivation of gentamicin by purulent exudates were studied in a simplified in vitro model consisting of purified human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). Whereas intact PMNLs (106-108/ml) bound almost no [14C]gentamicin, freeze-thawed PMNLs showed extensive [14C]gentamicin binding, expressed as antibiotic cosedimenting with particulate material from the lysed PMNLs. Antibiotic binding could be related to the concentration of lysed PMNLs and to the amount of [14C]gentamicin added. Binding of [14C]gentamicin by lysed PMNLs was highly sensitive to DNase I but was unaffected by RNase, Triton X-100, or protease. Purified chromatin or DNA from either purulent exudates or lysed PMNLs reproduced the [14C]gentamicin-binding pattern obtained with crude PMNL lysate. These results show that gentamicin inactivation in purulent exudates can be correlated with binding of the antibiotic to lysed PMNLs; PMNL chromatin DNA is identified as one of the major binding factor

Blind und sehend in einer Person

Es wird der Fall einer Patientin mit Dissoziativer Identitätsstörung vorgestellt, die nach 15-jähriger, als kortikal diagnostizierter Blindheit im Laufe einer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung schrittweise wieder zu sehen begann. Zunächst konnten nur einige wenige Persönlichkeitsanteile wieder sehen, während andere weiterhin blind waren. Dies konn-te durch elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen bestätigt werden, in denen die noch blinden Persönlichkeitsanteile ausbleibende, die sehenden Persönlichkeitsanteile hin-gegen völlig unauffällige, reguläre evozierte Potentiale aufwiesen. Das Umschalten zwi-schen sehenden und blinden Anteilen konnte übergangslos geschehen. Als neuronale Grundlage der psychogenen Blindheit kommt eine „top-down“ Modulation der Aktivität der primären Sehbahn, auf Ebene des Thalamus oder primären visuellen Kortex, in Be-tracht. Mittels VEP-Untersuchungen kann daher eine psychogene Blindheit nicht von organischen Ursachen einer Unterbrechung der Sehbahn abgegrenzt werden. Zusam-menfassend scheint psychogene Blindheit den Zufluß visueller Information auf früher Stufe zu blockieren

Typhoid fever imported from Mexico to Switzerland. Studies on R factor mediated chloramphenicol resistance

A case of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi occurred in Geneva. The patient was probably infected in Mexico City. The strain isolated from this patient corresponds with the description of the Mexican S. typhi strain, since it is a degraded Vi-strain resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines. It carried an fi− transferable R factor with a CSSuT resistance pattern. It can be accepted that this case forms part of the Mexican outbreak of chloramphenicol-resistant typhoid fever which has already been observed in visitors to Mexico from England and the United State

Short-Term Administration of Rifampin in the Prevention or Eradication of Infection Due to Foreign Bodies

Short-term administration of rifampin was evaluated as a means of preventing or eradicating infection due to foreign bodies. Tissue cages were implanted into guinea pigs and subsequently infected with 103 colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46. Infection developed in all tissue cages. Rifampin was administered thereafter intraperitoneally at a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hr for 48 hr, and the tissue-cage fluid was monitored for possible development of infection by quantitative bacteriologic methods for 15 days. In all cases rifampin prevented or eradicated tissue-cage infection if treatment was initiated either 3 hr before or ⩽12 hr after inoculation of microorganisms but was ineffective if initiated >12 hr after inoculation. In cases of failure of treatment, rifampin-resistant variants could be demonstrated. Rifampin seems to prevent or eradicate tissue-cage infection only if given early after bacterial inoculatio