8 research outputs found
The Importance of Economic Perspective and Quantitative Approaches in Oncology Value Frameworks of Drug Selection and Shared Decision Making
The debate around value in oncology drug selection has been prominent in
recent years, and several professional bodies have furthered this debate
by advocating for so-called value frameworks. Herein, we provide a viewpoint
on these value frameworks, emphasizing the need to consider 4 key
aspects: (1) the economic underpinnings of value; (2) the importance of
the perspective adopted in the valuation; (3) the importance of the difference
between absolute and relative measures of risk and measuring
patient preferences; and (4) the recognition of multiple quality-of-life (QoL)
domains, and the aggregation and valuation of those domains, through
utilities within a multicriteria decision analysis, may allow prioritization of
QoL above the tallying of safety events, particularly in a value framework
focusing on the individual patient.
While several frameworks exist, they incorporate different attributes
and—importantly—assess value from alternative perspectives, including
those of patients, regulators, payers, and society. The various perspectives
necessarily lead to potentially different, if not sometimes divergent, conclusions
about the valuation. We show that the perspective of the valuation
affects the framing of the risk/benefit question and the methodology to
measure the individual patient choice, or preference, as opposed to the
collective, or population, choice.
We focus specifically on the American Society of Clinical Oncology
(ASCO) Value Framework. We argue that its laudable intent to assist in
shared clinician-patient decision making can be augmented by more formally
adopting methodology underpinned by micro- and health economic
concepts, as well as application of formal quantitative approaches. Our recommendations
for value frameworks focusing on the individual patient, such
as the ASCO Value Framework, are 3-fold: (1) ensure that stakeholders
understand the importance of the adopted (economic) perspective; (2)
consider using exclusively absolute measures of risk and formal patientpreference
methodology; and (3) consider foregoing safety parameters for
higher-order utility considerations
EFFECTS OF ISOPRENALINE, LEVODOPA AND A PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR (ICI 63,197) ON CYCLIC AMP LEVELS AND CONTRACTIONS OF SOLEUS MUSCLES IN ANAESTHETIZED CATS
Effects of substituent and solvent on the UV absorption energy of 4,4′-disubstituted stilbenes
Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone:Dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: A Physical–Chemistry Characterization
Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is active against Trypanosoma cruzi; however, its low solubility and high toxicity precludes its current use in treatment of parasitosis. Cyclodextrin can be used as a drug carrier system, as it is able to form inclusion (host–guest) complexes with a wide variety of organic (guest) molecules. Several reports have shown the interesting use of modified β-cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical formulation, to improve the bioavailability of drugs and to decrease their toxicity. The aim of this work was to characterize inclusion complexes formed between NFOH and dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) by complexation/release kinetics and solubility isotherm experiments using ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry and by the measurement of the dynamics information obtained from T1 relaxation times and diffusion (DOSY) experiments using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The complex was prepared at different NFOH and DM-β-CD molar ratios. The UV-visible measurements were recorded in a spectrophotometer, and NMR experiments were recorded at 20°C on a NMR spectrometer (Varian Inova) operating at 500 MHz. Longitudinal relaxation times were obtained by the conventional inversion-recovery method and the DOSY experiments were carried out using the BPPSTE sequence. The kinetics of complexation revealed that 30 h is enough for stabilization of the NFOH absorbance in presence of cyclodextrin. Solubility isotherm studies show a favorable complexation and increase in solubility when NFOH interacts with cyclodextrin. The analysis of the NMR-derived diffusion coefficients and T1 relaxation times shows that in the presence of DM-β-CD, NFOH decreases its mobility in solution, indicating that this antichagasic compound interacts with the cyclodextrin cavity. The release kinetics assays showed that NFOH changes its release profile when in the presence of cyclodextrin due to complexation. This study was focused on the physicochemical characterization of drug-delivery formulations that may serve as potentially new therapeutic options for the treatment of Chagas’ disease
Investigation of photochemical paths by a combined theoretical and experimental approach.
Investigation of photochemical paths in condensed phases by a combined theoretical and experimental approac