家族援助に対する看護者の意識調査(第1報) : 質問紙の作成過程

平成8年度の医療施設内で働く看護者の聞き取り調査から、看護者の家族援助に対する考え方の示唆を得た。今回はその結果を基に、看護者の家族および家族援助に対する考え方を明らかにするための質問紙を作成した。質問紙の作成過程を報告する

Analysis of the anti-tumor effect of cetuximab using protein kinetics and mouse xenograft models

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The binding of EGFR and its ligands leads to autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinase as well as subsequent activation of signal transduction pathways that are involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. An EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab binds to EGFR and consequently blocks a variety of cellular processes. <it>KRAS</it>/<it>BRAF </it>mutations are known to be associated with a low response rate to cetuximab. In the present study, to clarify the anti-tumor mechanisms of cetuximab, we evaluated the <it>KRAS</it>/<it>BRAF </it>status, phosphorylation level of the EGFR pathway, and the tumor suppression effect in vivo, using a human colon cancer cell line HT29, which exhibited the highest EGFR expression in response to the cetuximab therapy among the 6 colorectal cancer cell lines tested.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The conventional growth suppression assay did not work efficiently with cetuximab. EGF, TGF-α, and IGF activated the EGFR/MAPK cell signaling pathway by initiating the phosphorylation of EGFR. Cetuximab partially inhibited the EGFR/MAPK pathway induced by EGF, TGF-α, and IGF. However, cetuximab exposure induced the EGFR, MEK, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by itself. Mouse xenograft tumor growth was significantly inhibited by cetuximab and both cetuximab-treated and -untreated xenograft specimens exhibited phosphorylations of the EGFR pathway proteins.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have confirmed that cetuximab inhibited the EGFR/MAPK pathway and reduced tumor growth in the xenografts while the remaining tumor showed EGFR pathway activation. These results suggest that: ( i ) The effect of cetuximab in growth signaling is not sufficient to induce complete growth suppression in vitro; ( ii ) time-course monitoring may be necessary to evaluate the effect of cetuximab because EGFR signaling is transmitted in a minute order; and ( iii ) cetuximab treatment may have cells acquired resistant selectively survived in the heterogeneous cancer population.</p

The Homeodomain Protein Defective Proventriculus Is Essential for Male Accessory Gland Development to Enhance Fecundity in Drosophila

The Drosophila male accessory gland has functions similar to those of the mammalian prostate gland and the seminal vesicle, and secretes accessory gland proteins into the seminal fluid. Each of the two lobes of the accessory gland is composed of two types of binucleate cell: about 1,000 main cells and 40 secondary cells. A well-known accessory gland protein, sex peptide, is secreted from the main cells and induces female postmating response to increase progeny production, whereas little is known about physiological significance of the secondary cells. The homeodomain transcriptional repressor Defective proventriculus (Dve) is strongly expressed in adult secondary cells, and its mutation resulted in loss of secondary cells, mononucleation of main cells, and reduced size of the accessory gland. dve mutant males had low fecundity despite the presence of sex peptide, and failed to induce the female postmating responses of increased egg laying and reduced sexual receptivity. RNAi-mediated dve knockdown males also had low fecundity with normally binucleate main cells. We provide the first evidence that secondary cells are crucial for male fecundity, and also that Dve activity is required for survival of the secondary cells. These findings provide new insights into a mechanism of fertility/fecundity

家族援助に対する看護者の意識調査(第2報) : 調査結果

家族援助を推進するための課題を明らかにするために、臨床看護婦（士）の家族援助に対する意識調査を質問紙を用いて行った。その結果、看護者は家族援助の必要性を感じ、その役割を自覚していた。しかし、時間的な制約感を持ち、援助方法の明確感がもてず、家族援助に困難性を感じていた

家族援助に対する看護者の意識調査(第3報) : 看護者の意識に影響を及ぼす因子

家族援助を推進するための課題を明らかにするために、看護者の家族援助に対する意識調査を質問紙を用いて行った。看護者の家族援助に対する役割意識の強さと性別・経験年数・所属・職位の4項目の関連を分析した。その結果、看護者の家族援助に対する役割意識に影響していた因子は性別と職位であった。看護者の家族援助への動機づけは、経験や所属場所によるものではなく、個人の意識によるところが大きく、教育的な介入の重要性が示唆された

看護における家族援助の現状 : 臨床看護婦からの聞き取り結果より

看護の実践において、看護婦は患者のみならずその家族にも援助することが重要である。しかしながら、臨床の現場では、ともすると健康障害をきたした患者のみにとらわれがちであり、看護婦は家族に関わる困難性を感じることが多い。看護婦は、（1）家族をどのように捉え、（2）具体的にはどのような実践を行っているのか、（3）実践の中でどのような点に困難性を感じているのか、その実態を把握する目的で医療施設に勤務する看護婦3名に聞き取り調査を行った。その結果、家族への援助の意義と必要性を認識し、自己の内面にある葛藤や物理的な面での困難性を感じつつも援助を行おうと努力している看護婦の実態が明らかになった

Analysis of in vitro Radiosensitivity of mouse peripheral leukocytes by the Multi-Lane Comet Assay

16th INTERNATIONAL MOUSE GENOME CONFARENC