トキ国内個体群における遺伝的多様性とその維持に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(農学)乙第13020号論農博第2830号新制||農||1042(附属図書館)学位論文||H28||N4966(農学部図書室)32948(主査)教授 祝前 博明, 教授 今井 裕, 教授 廣岡 博之学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

胃に再発した膀胱MALTリンパ腫の1例

A 64-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for management of an ovarian tumor. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dermatoid cyst of the ovary and a bladder tumor. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MALT type. The patient received radiotherapy for the bladder and had a complete response. Nineteen months later, gastrointestinal endosopy revealed the presence of a mass lesion in the stomach. Histopathological examination of biopsy specimens from this tumor indicated the same tumor as that in the bladder as they showed identical IgH gene rearrangement. Because of the detection of evidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens, the patient was administered HP eradication therapy, but, the tumor persisted. After radiotherapy, the stomach tumor disappeared. Since then she remains without evidence of local recurrence or relapse.患者は64歳, 女性。ドックで卵巣腫瘍を指摘された。画像検査で膀胱腫瘍を確認したため経尿道的膀胱腫瘍切除術を行った。病理組織学的検査はMALTリンパ腫であった。全身検索したが, 膀胱以外に腫瘍はなく, 膀胱に放射線療法を行った。19ヵ月後, 上部消化管検査で胃の粘膜に腫瘍が認められた。生検の結果MALTリンパ腫であり, 遺伝子再構築が認められ, 膀胱MALTリンパ腫と遺伝子学的に同一と考えられた。Helicobacter pyloriの感染があり, 除菌が行われたが腫瘍は縮小せず, 胃に放射線療法を行った。その後, 膀胱, 胃に再発は認められていない。(著者抄録

Genetic Analyses in the Japanese Captive Population of Japanese Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) using Pedigree Information

The Japanese captive population of Japanese crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) was established using 5 founders derived from the Chinese captive population. Its size has increased rapidly, and the maintenance phase is about to start. Thus, this study was designed to perform genetic analyses in this population with pedigree information, considering the adoption of mean kinship strategy as the breeding strategy suited to the maintenance phase. Because the relationships among the 5 founders were unknown, different assumptions were set up ranging from 0 to 0.25 of kinship coefficients between the 5 founders. Assuming that the 5 founders were non-inbred in all the assumptions, the results showed that the gene diversity and the mean inbreeding coefficient would fluctuate largely from ∼65% to ∼82% and from ∼0.07 to ∼0.29, respectively. Moreover, the genetic importance of individuals based on mean kinship shifted largely. This study suggested that the Japanese captive population had low gene diversity and high mean inbreeding coefficient even under the assumption that the 5 founders were unrelated and non-inbred. In addition, the study also suggested that it became more effective to analyze the genetic status and to introduce mean kinship strategy into this population with more credible molecular evaluation of the relationships among founders

Effect of Sucrose on Amino Acid Absorption of Whey: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Protein intake has been reported to secrete insulin and lower glucose levels, but the effect of carbohydrate and protein co-ingestion on amino acid absorption has not been well documented. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sucrose on blood amino acid levels. Eleven volunteers (both sexes aged 20–60 years with body mass index 21.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) randomly received one of four test solutions: water (P-group), 10 g sucrose (S-group), 10 g whey protein (W-group), or 10 g whey protein + 10 g sucrose (W-S-group), and blood amino acid concentration, glucose levels, and insulin levels were monitored over 180 min. Following the wash-out period, randomized treatment and blood parameter monitoring were repeated. Consequently, amino acid concentration was significantly lower in the S-group than in the P-group, showing that single ingestion of sucrose decreased blood amino acid levels in a fasted state. However, there was no significant difference between blood amino acid levels of the W- and W-S-groups, suggesting that co-ingestion of sucrose does not affect blood amino acid concentration. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the W-S than in the S-group, and glucose levels were significantly lower in the W-S- than in the S-group, suggesting positive impact on glycotoxicity by reducing blood glucose levels. Therefore, whey protein co-ingestion with sucrose suppresses glucose levels and increases insulin levels as opposed to the sucrose ingestion, but does not affect amino acid absorption of whey protein, indicating that this co-ingestion may not be a problem for protein supplementation

Comparison of efficacy and safety of 1-and 3-month luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist depots as initial therapies for prostate cancer

We compared the efficacy and safety of 1- and 3-month depots of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist goserelin acetate in prostate cancer patients. Patients were randomly assigned to the Direct Group that received the goserelin 3-month depot or the Switch Group that began with the 1-month depot for the first 3 months and then switched to the 3-month depot. All patients were co-administered the antiandrogen agent bicalutamide. Serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and adverse events were recorded at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24. Baseline testosterone levels in the Direct and Switch Groups were 4.98 and 5.07 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.798). At each week, the levels in both groups were a parts per thousand currency sign0.50 ng/mL (castration level) with no significant differences between them. All of the patients in the Switch Group and 98.1 % in the Direct Group had achieved castration levels at week 12, and 100 % had achieved such levels at week 24. Baseline PSA levels in the Direct and Switch Groups were 52.37 and 46.72 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.793). Levels in both groups dropped continuously, to about 1.0 ng/mL at week 24, with no significant differences between the groups at any time. Three patients in the Direct Group experienced adverse events that were attributed to the co-administered bicalutamide. There was no difference in the efficacy or safety between the 1- and 3-month depots of goserelin when given as initial prostate cancer treatment in combination with bicalutamide. Patients must be monitored for adverse events associated with bicalutamide.