Financial liberalization and macroeconomic performance, empirical evidence from selected Asian countries

Financially repressed economy cannot grow with an increasing growth rate. That’s why most of the developing countries move toward liberalized financial system. The basic objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Pakistan, China, and India financial sector liberalization and its impact on macroeconomic performance. This study uses Johansen co integration to provide cross country evidence of long run relationship between macroeconomic variables and financial openness. Results show that there is long run relation among financial openness and macro economic performance in all three countries. Financial liberalization has positive and significant effect on Pakistan macroeconomic performance while negative and significant effect on china economy. The relationship in India is positive but not significantFinancial liberalization, financial depth. Economic growth

Ketidaksetaraan dan Sistem Kesantunan Masyarakat Tutur Jawa

Bahasa Jawa (BJ) dikenal dengan tingkat tutur ngoko ‘tingkat tutur rendah\u27 dan basa ‘tingkat tutur tinggi\u27 dalam istilah lokal. Karena adanya tingkat tutur ngoko dan basa, BJ diidentifikasi dan diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang hidup dalam situasi diglosia dan memungkinkan para penuturnya memperlihatkan keakraban, penghormatan, dan jenjang (hierarki) dengan sesama anggota masyarakat. Penelitian ini menerapkan dengan kritis teori sapaan (Brown & Gilman 1960) untuk menganalisis pola ketidak-setaraan, faktor yang mempengaruhi, dan kesantunan penggunaan tingkat tutur ngoko dan basa BJ. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam komunikasi diadik tak-setara, yakni penggunaan tingkat tutur ngoko dan basa memperlihatkan fenomena alih kode, campur kode, dan fenomena yang mendasar, temuan penelitian ini, adalah fenomena “silang kode”. Ketika dua partisipan tak setara berkomunikasi, yakni partisipan atasan (superior) menggunakan tingkat tutur ngoko dan partisipan bawahan (inferior) menggunakan tingkat tutur basa, fenomena komunikasi tak-setara ini diinterpretasi sebagai komunikasi “silang kode”. Penggunaan tingkat tutur ngoko dan basa BJ secara asimetris yang melahirkan komunikasi silang kode, dapat disimpulkan diglosia BJ adalah “diglossia par excellence”. Dalam sebuah penelitian penting untuk mengadopsi, mengadaptasi, dan mereinterpretasi teori yang diaplikasikan

Study of the nervous and mental disease called hysteria with special reference to symptomatology, pathology, and treatment

The study of hysterical patients though full of difficulties and obscurities, is not altogether impossible to accomplish. hysterical patients are easily managed, they talk willingly, and they are not dangerous patients to deal with as many other mental. cases are. These patients readily lend them- selves to observation and are Always willing to be examined. The study of hysteria is very important as it is a singular malady, of Which everybody' speaks and which but few physicians know well. This disease is remarkable in its frequent , for it occurs in over 90 females out of 1000 females and only those who work hard escape it. Sydenham (1670) says "of "all common diseases, hysteria, unless I err, is the "commonest." It is very difficult to get statistics, for the physician is rarely consulted for the minor manifestations of the malady. it is an extremeiy common disease and frequently gives rise to mistakes in diagnosis. Thus, one can at once see that a thorough study of hysteria is important and desirable from many standpoints, - Medical., Practical, Scientific and Philosonhical. This singular mental disease has played a, very great and important part in the history of all religions and superstitions, and more so to this day it plays amost important part in most attractive moral questions. Great creeds have been spread by means of the emotion caused by astounding phenomena. which have always been due to and associated with hysterical people. These strange people (hysterics) raised such admiration and gave inspiration to the crowds by their natures and their mode of thought, their extraordinary oblivions or resemblances and their visions. They saw or heard what others could not see or hear. These people had odd convictions, and they felt and thought in another way than the bulk of mankind. They had an extraordinary r.e]icacy of certain senses and also had extraordinary inseneibilities, so that they could perceive, appreciate, and see what others could not, and they could hear the most dreadful tortures with indifference and even with delight. These people could do without food or sleep for weeks or months, and they could, se to speak, de without these natural needs. Such hysterical subjects excited religious admiration of people whether as prophets, witches, saints of the Middle Ages etc. They were admired and beatified or burnt as heretics and witches. They played a great part in the development of religious and moral dogmas, castes and creeds. All these phenomena, we now know, are the usual symptoms of hysteria. Is it not still true that if we want to throw some light on the mysteries of our destiny, to penetrate into unknown faculties of the human mind, we appeal not to an ordinary person in normal health but to a highly strung neuropathic, insensible to the things of the world but whose sensibilities are over excited and who is over enthusiastic in certain direction. And in our medical terminology is this not a typical hysterical subject? It was the fashion for a certain time to say that hysteria was a very rare disease for it had a bad reputation . and a kind of dishonour attached to it. It was thought that hysteria was frequent only among French women but this is nonsense. Indeed French physicians were the pioneers to thoroughly appreciate this disease before others did. All civilised nations are the same - they have the same mind and the same body and the same miseries and destinies - so that why should only the French nation suffer from hysteria? If hystericals were supposed to be less numerous in other countries it is because the physicians did not recognise them, and furthermore, even after diagnosis, they would not, give it the proper appellation as, we have already remarked, hysteria had a bad reputation and a kind of dishonour attached to it. Now the time has reached when medical men are more candid and their prejudices have vanished, and their pride and false patriotism have given way to scientific truth - so that we find hysterics] s al] over the world. We must always ire - member (i) That hysterical diseases are very bad1, characterised from their plysicfl. point of view, (ii) That hysterical diseases are only well characterised from their mental and moral point of view, (iii) That hysterical diseases are uncommonly similar to many kinds of surgical and medical affections for which they are so often mistaken. Physicians have often been misled by phantom tumours of the stomach, the ovaries and the uterus and spurious haemoptysis. Diseases supposed to be situated in the viscera may simulate anything. Paralysis, contractures and ana.esthesias due to hysteria may simulate many organic diseases and offer great difficulty in diagnosis. We ought to do homage to Charcot for having first called attention to these various hysterical phenomena which were too often wrongly, ignorantly, nay criminally dealt with by the surgeon or physician

\u3cem\u3eTrifolium occidentale\u3c/em\u3e: A Valuable Genetic Resource for White Clover Improvement

Trifolium occidentale Coombe is a stoloniferous, diploid (2n=2x=16) perennial clover indigenous to Portugal, Spain, France, and the British Isles. It grows in relatively dry coastal habitats, in sand dunes and on shallow pocket of soil (Coombe 1961; Coombe and Morisset 1967). As the species grows naturally in saline, dry habitats, it is potentially a source of drought tolerance genes that could be used for the improvement of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars. Although T. occidentale is reported to be one of the progenitors of white clover (Williams et al. 2012), the 2x forms of T. occidentale cross with difficulty with white clover, resulting in near-sterile triploid hybrids. The two species were first crossed by Chou and Gibson (1968) and subsequently by Gibson and Beinhart (1969), and Chen and Gibson (1974). The relative success of producing F1 hybrids was increased by use of colchicine doubled (4x) T. occidentale. Based on these reports, our objectives were: (1) to artificially double the chromosomes of T. occidentale using colchicine; (2) to use tetraploid (4x) T. occidentale as the pollen parent in crosses with white clover to produce large numbers of F1 hybrids; (3) to evaluate hybrids both cytologically and morphologically; and (4) to develop ad-vanced backcross and intercross progeny for future breeding and selection using white clover as the recurrent parent

Interspecific Hybridisation between \u3cem\u3eTrifolium repens\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eT. occidentale\u3c/em\u3e for the Improvement of Drought Tolerance in White Clover

Trifolium repens (white clover) is one of the most important forage legumes in temperate region of the world. Phylogenetically it is an allotetraploid between T. pallescens and T. occidentale (Williams et al., 2012). Stands of white clover, although a perennial, often decline significantly by drought stress (Van Den Bosch et al., 1993). T. occidentale is a diploid (2n=2x=16) stoloniferous perennial clover that grows naturally in saline, dry habitats and as such may be a useful source of genes to improve the drought tolerance of white clover cultivars (Hussain and Williams, 2013). Although white clover has been successfully hybridised with various annual and perennial Trifolium species (Williams, 1987), the resulting F1 hybrids have not been effectively utilised as useful genetic material for the improvement of white clover cultivars. The objective of our current research was to evaluate F1 and BC1 hybrids between T. repen and T. occidentale for drought tolerance

Portfolio Management And Disposition Effect Empirical Evidence From Pakistan.

Kahneman and Tversky’s approach to preference under uncertainty is aversion to loss realization. This paper is an attempt to highlight this phenomenon with a unique approach. In order to beat the market fund managers are required to manage their portfolio at regular intervals. The tendency to sell the winners too early and ride the losers for long “disposition effect” can affect the Management decision of fund managers. This paper investigates the mediating role of disposition effect between mental accounting, aversion to regret, self control and portfolio Management. For this purpose we use the extended version of Shefrin and Statman framework and include Dyl’s tax consideration. In order to provide empirical evidence survey has been conducted from mutual fund managers.  CFA and Cronbach’s alpha is used to test the reliability of the instrument. AMOS tool is used to test the structure equation model for disposition effect and portfolio Management. Results confirmed that disposition effect plays significant role of mediator between mental accounting, aversion to regret, self control and portfolio Management. However tax consideration has direct loading on forward Management. It means that disposition effect plays significant role in decisions of fund managers; however investors are aware of tax consideration

Initial assessment of community midwives in rural Pakistan

The goal of this Population Council study, funded by USAID through the Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) project, was to assess the potential of community midwifery services in rural Pakistan in order to provide necessary evidence for future decisions regarding the training, practice, and placement of community midwives (CMWs). The introduction of a new cadre of skilled birth attendants is significant, especially at a time when Pakistan is working toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The report makes the following recommendations: 1) opportunities for practical training should be followed meticulously; 2) selection criteria should be revised especially for age and adherence to the requirement of being resident in the respective rural community; 3) uniformity of assessment must be ensured through the development of an assessment board; 4) the placement of CMWs must be linked with other program activities to facilitate referrals and promote health education; and 5) since supervision is a critical component for ensuring a high quality of services, standards should be developed for monitoring CMWs

Simulation of optimized bolt tightening strategies for gasketed flanged pipe joints

This paper presents results of detailed non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) of gasketed bolted flange pipe joints (GBFJ) of different sizes (1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 inch) of 900# pressure class for achieving proper preload close to the target stress values with and without considering yielding at bolt and flange and gasket crushing recommended by ASME and industrial guidelines for optimized performance using customized optimization algorithm. In addition, two strategies TCM (torque control method) and SCM (stretch control method) are used which is a normal practice in the industry

Effect of Health Care Professionals’ Continuing Education Programme on Diabetic Patients’ Outcomes in Mukalla City, Yemen

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of educational intervention by health care providers on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients in a Yemeni health facility.Methods: A prospective, one-group and pre- and post-test design to assess the effects of health care providers’ education on clinical patient outcomes was undertaken. The study took place in Al-Noor Charity Clinic (ACC), Mukalla City, Yemen. The subjects of this study were type 2 diabetes patients who received health services at ACC and met the inclusion criteria. Patients’ diabetes-related clinical parameter assessed were fasting blood glucose, weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile, i.e., cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol) at baseline, i.e., before the intervention programme, and also at 6 months after the intervention.Results: There was significant improvement in clinical outcomes: fasting blood sugar (p = 0.004), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003) diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.05), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.005) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.001), but total cholesterol (p = 0.33) weight (p = 0.404) and triglyceride (p = 0.056) did not improve.Conclusions: Educational intervention of health care providers program does improve diabetic patients’ clinical outcomes.Keywords: Diabetes care; Health care providers, Patients' outcomes, Blood pressure, Lipid profile, Cholesterol, Yeme

Assessing the potential acceptability of a new cadre of community midwives for pregnancy and delivery related care in rural Pakistan: Findings from a qualitative study

The Population Council designed an operations research study to assess the potential acceptability of a new cadre of community midwives (CMWs) for pregnancy and delivery-related care in rural Pakistan. Specific objectives of the study were to determine the need for skilled birth attendants, identify any misconceptions in the community about CMWs, determine levels of acceptance in the community, and explore barriers to the placement of CMWs in the community. The report recommends sensitizing family members so they are more willing to grant permission for pregnant women to consult CMWs, developing flexible fee structures, giving clients greater accessibility, building a network of resources, and establishing collaborative networks with local TBAs