Four Point High Order Compact Iterative Schemes For The Solution Of The Helmholtz Equation

Teknik-teknik yang lebih baik diperoleh daripada beza terhingga dalam grid piawai dan grid putaran telah dibangunkan sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini dalam menyelesaikan sistem linear yang terhasil daripada pendiskretan persamaan pembezaan separa (PDEs). Selain itu, satu sistem dengan peringkat kejituan yang lebih tinggi boleh dihasilkan daripada pendiskretan skema beza terhingga dengan menggunakan satu skim padat dengan kejituan peringkat empat yang dihasilkan daripada beza memusat dengan kejituan peringkat kedua. Dengan menggunakan beza terhingga padat ini, satu skim titik putaran dengan kejituan peringkat empat bagi persamaan Helmholtz dua dimensi (2D) yang baru terbentuk. Skim peringkat empat dalam grid piawai dan grid putaran boleh dikembangkan menjadi skim kumpulan ataupun sistem yang berperingkat empat. Sehubungan itu, kaedah multigrid berskala-multi digabungkan dengan ekstrapolasi Richardson diperkenalkan oleh Zhang [18] untuk menyelesaikan persamaan Poisson 2D. Improved techniques derived from the standard and rotated finite difference operators have been developed over the last few years in solving linear systems that arise from the discretization of various partial differential equations (PDEs) [14]. Furthermore, a higher order system can be generated from discretization of the finite difference scheme by using the fourth order compact scheme generated from the second order central difference. By using compact finite differences, new standard and rotated point schemes with fourth order accuracy for the two-dimensional (2D) Helmholtz equation are formulated in this thesis. The fourth order point schemes in both standard and rotated grids can be further applied to formulate a fourth order system to be used as group iterative method in their respective grid. On the other hand, the multiscale multigrid method combined with Richardson’s extrapolation is first introduced by Zhang [18] to solve the 2D Poisson equation

Corporate Social Responsibility: A Profitable Alternative

Corporate social responsibility has been very popular amongst companies and top corporations. However the exact definition and the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility is often very vague and confusing to others. This paper will explore in depth of what exactly is corporate social responsibility, how companies are motivated to incorporating CSR into their ideals, business strategies and what actions do these companies take in order to become a socially responsible corporation

Angular distributions of the polarized photons and electron in the decays of the 3D3^3D_3 state of charmonium

We calculate the combined angular distribution functions of the polarized photons ($\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$) and electron ($e^-$) produced in the cascade process $\bar{p}p\rightarrow$ $^3D_3\rightarrow$ $^3P_2+\gamma_1\rightarrow$ $(\psi+\gamma_2)+\gamma_1\rightarrow(e^++e^-)+\gamma_1+\gamma_2$, when the colliding $\bar{p}$ and $p$ are unpolarized. Our results are independent of any dynamical models and are expressed in terms of the spherical harmonics whose coefficients are functions of the angular-momentum helicity amplitudes of the individual processes. Once the joint angular distribution of ($\gamma_1$, $\gamma_2$) and that of ($\gamma_2$, $e^-$) with the polarization of either one of the two particles are measured, our results will enable one to determine the relative magnitudes as well as the relative phases of all the angular-momentum helicity amplitudes in the radiative decay processes $^3D_3\rightarrow$ $^3P_2+\gamma_1$ and $^3P_2\rightarrow\psi+\gamma_2$

Angular distributions in the radiative decays of the 3D3^3D_3 state of charmonium originating from polarized pˉp\bar{p}p collisions

Using the helicity formalism, we calculate the combined angular distribution function of the two gamma photons ($\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$) and the electron ($e^-$) in the triple cascade process $\bar{p}p\rightarrow{}^3D_3\rightarrow{}^3P_2+\gamma_1\rightarrow(\psi+\gamma_2) +\gamma_1 \rightarrow (e^- + e^+) +\gamma_2 +\gamma_1$, when $\bar{p}$ and $p$ are arbitrarily polarized. We also derive six different partially integrated angular distribution functions which give the angular distributions of one or two particles in the final state. Our results show that by measuring the two-particle angular distribution of $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ and that of $\gamma_2$ and $e^-$, one can determine the relative magnitudes as well as the relative phases of all the helicity amplitudes in the two charmonium radiative transitions ${}^3D_3\rightarrow{}^3P_2+\gamma_1$ and $^3P_2\rightarrow \psi+\gamma_2$.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1311.464

Critical analysis and time series forecasting of electrical energy use in university buildings a case study of the University of Hong Kong /

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.published_or_final_versio

Evaluation of vagal nerve blockade with epineural lignocaine application

The effect of vagal nerve blockade by epineural application of lignocaine was studied in the rat. Vagal nerve conduction was assessed by subdiaphragmatic esophageal electromyogram (EMG) response evoked by stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve. It was found that epineural application of lignocaine completely blocked the evoked EMG response within one minute. After washing away the anesthetic, recovery of nerve conduction was gradual, taking approximately 60 min. Our results have implications for the use of local anesthetic blockade to interrupt of vagal transmission in experimental designs

Correlation of In-field Survival of Escherichia Coli O157:h7 with Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Soil Moisture

The objective of the study was to determine possible correlations between selected environmental factors (rainfall, relative humidity, and soil moisture) and the survival of non-pathogenic E.coli O157:H7 in soils amended with inoculated cattle manure and in soils inoculated by direct-spray application of bacterial inoculums. Bacterial transfer onto and survival on spinach grown in inoculated plots was also examined. The in-field study was conducted at the Oklahoma State University Cimarron Valley Research Station, Payne County, Oklahoma. A total of 4 treatments were applied in 20 plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. The treatments employed were: non-inoculated control plots; plots amended with non-inoculated manure; plots amended with inoculated manure; and plots treated by direct-spray application of bacterial inoculums. Soil sampling was conducted on a weekly basis for 7 weeks, and then once in month in January, February, and March 2011. Soil samples were assayed for the presence and surviving numbers of inoculated E.coli O157:H7 cells. Immature spinach leaves were harvested during the growing season (from week 3 to week 7) and analyzed for the presence of E.coli O157:H7 in or on the leaf tissue. The population of inoculated E.coli O157:H7 were observed to decline rapidly in all inoculated plots. From week 0 to week 1, about a 2-log reduction was seen. The population of inoculated cells dropped below the limit of detection by direct plating after 4 weeks for the direct-spray inoculated plots and after 6 weeks for the inoculated-manure plots. Thus, we conclude that manure as a soil amendment may assist in the survival of enteric bacteria. The inoculated bacteria were detectable by enrichment for at least 20 weeks in all inoculated plots. Rainfall was more highly correlated with the survival of the inoculated bacteria than the other weather conditions examined, and a one-week lagged effect was observed. No consistent, strong correlation was seen between soil moisture or relative humidity and the population counts of E. coli O157:H7. No E. coli O157:H7 cells were confirmed present in or on the spinach leaves harvested from the inoculated plots; this may been due to limited leaf sampling. Recommendations for future studies include evaluating additional types of inoculation and soil and leaf sampling techniques.</Department of Animal Scienc

Antioxidant properties: effects of solid-to-solvent ratio on antioxidant compounds and capacities of pegaga (Centella asiatica)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of solid-to-solvent ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) on the extraction of phenolic compounds (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging capacity) of C. asiatica. Solid-to-solvent ratio 1:15 was the optimum condition for extraction of phenolic compounds (TPC and TFC) with a value of 967.2 mg GAE/100 g DW and 908.3 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively and exhibited high antioxidant capacities (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging capacities) with a value of 0.8133 mM and 2.0945 mM, respectively. TPC was positively and strongly correlated with ABTS and DPPH (r=0.808 and r=0.859, respectively) under the effects of solid-to-solvent ratio as compared to TFC, positively and moderately correlated (r=0.590, r=0.663) with ABTS and DPPH