Biogas Filter Based on Local Natural Zeolite Materials

UPT BPPTK LIPI has created a biogas filter tool to improve the purity of methane in the biogas. The device shaped cylindrical tube containing absorbent materials which based on local natural zeolite of Indonesia. The absorbent has been activated and modified with other materials. This absorbtion material has multi-adsorption capacity for almost impurities gas of biogas. The biogas filter increase methane content of biogas for 5-20%. The biogas filter improve the biogas\u27s performance such as increasing methane contents, increasing heating value, reduction of odors, reduction of corrosion potential, increasing the efficiency and stability of the generator

The Study of Two Stages Anaerobic Digestion Application and Suitable Bio-Film as an Effort to Improve Bio-Gas Productivity from Jatropha Curcas Linn Capsule Husk

AbstractThe conversion program from kerosene to LPG in Indonesia has positive impact on saving budget of fuel subsidized. However, the program does not only depend on LPG supply from overseas but also inadvisable related to the LPG availability in the world. Bio-gas is renewable energy which categorized as modern cooking oil. This gaseous bio- fuel is feasible in Indonesia due to plenty of bio-gas resources such as bio-mass and waste, simple technology, supporting tropical climate on bio-gas process, no food competition on material supply, minimizing global warming, reducing water pollution and producing organic fertilizer. Some series of study are conducted on dried Jatropha curcas Linn. capsule husk (JCL-CH) as bio-gas feedstock. The objective of the study is to create technology for managing JCL integrally according to bio-refinery principle. This paper will present two studies, JCL-CH performance in single stage digester compared with two stages digester in laboratory and palm fiber compared with glass wool as bio-film/bio-carrier in methanogenesis reactor. The studies were conducted in Research Laboratory PT. Bumimas Ekapersada, Bekasi, West Java from March until May 2012. A liter of glass bottle as digester, arranged in Randomized Complete Design, three replications per treatment placed in 32°C water bath. The bio-gas feedstock was put continuously with Organic Loading Rate – OLR or concentration 1: 12 in single stage compared with 1: 12 and 1: 8 in two stages. The observed parameters were pH, temperature, bio-gas volume, methane concentration, volatile solid and acetic acid concentration. Bio-gas volume was measured by water displacement method and methane concentration was measured by gas chromatography. T-test was used for statistical analysis. The studies showed that two stages digester more efficient since it can increase methane concentration and bio-gas volume/gram VS. The bio-gas volume increase 63.83% in OLR 1: 8. Glass wool was more effective as bio-film carrier compared with palm fiber

Bio-Refinery Study in the Crude Jatropha Oil Process: Co-Digestion Sludge of Crude Jatropha Oil and Capsule Husk Jatropha Curcas Linn as Biogas Feedstocks

One of the cultivation failure reasons of Jatropha curcas Linn (JcL) in Indonesia was that it was only recommended for Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) production which is processed into biodiesel. CJO is only 17-25% of dry seed weight, while the waste residue is called seed cake. Another waste product is dried capsule husk (DH-JcL) which is about 30-80% of the fresh fruit weight and sludge CJO (S-CJO) or about 2-5% of the CJO. S-CJO was unutilized which is bad for the ecology when it is disposed. The research objective was the utilization of the S-CJO waste for bio-refinery and improvement productivity of biogas made from DH-JcL.The study was conducted at the research garden of PT Bumimas Ekapersada, Bekasi, West Java in November-December 2012. A liter one-stage digester was compiled completely as a randomized design (CRD) with three replications in a water bath at a temperature of 32o C. The materials used were DH-JcL of JatroMas cultivars in the toxic category which were mixed with the sludge S-CJO as a co-substrate about with 10% water at a ratio of 1:8. Observation variables were biogas production volume (water displacement method), pH and temperature in the outlet slurry. The preliminary study concludes that S-CJO is appropriate as the co-substrate DH-JcL. It can increase the biogas productivity with feed in less than 10% of S-CJO allocation per day

Optimization of Concentration and EM4 Augmentation for Improving Bio-Gas Productivity From Jatropha Curcas Linn Capsule Husk

Most literature suggests that two-phase digestion is more efficient than single-phase. The series of two-phase digestion studies have been conducted from 2011 to 2013 at the research farm of PT Bumimas Ekapersada, West Java, Indonesia. This paper reports on a research on optimation of concentration and augmentation of EM-4 (effective microorganism-4), a local commercial decomposer, as efforts to stabilize a biogas technology which made ​​from husk capsules of Jatropha curcas Linn (DH-JcL). The studies of increasing organic loading rate (OLR) for the two-phase digestion was conducted to improve efficiency. The concentration variable studied was 1: 8 (1 part DH-JCL and 8 parts water), compared to 1: 12 as a control. The augmentation treatment is the addition of EM-4 by 5% (v/v). It was also examined the augmentation of F2-EM4 (150 times duplication of EM-4) due to cost consideration. The studies were conducted in the laboratory which using a liter and two liters of glass digester and glass wool as immobilized growth. The results of this study support the previous studies: the optimum concentration was 1: 8, EM-4 was able to increase biogas production in two-phase digestion, yet biogas production decrease at single-phase. F2-EM4's ability to support production of biogas were equivalent to that of EM-4

Peruraian Anaerobik Termofilik Limbah Vinasse : Pengaruh Zeolit Alam Teraktivasi Asam dan Basa terhadap Performa Proses

Vinasse merupakan limbah produksi bioetanol dengan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD) tinggi dan dapat diolah melalui Peruraian anaerobik untuk menghasilkan biogas. Optimasi proses dapat dilakukan pada kondisi termofilik (55°C) dengan penambahan zeolit alam terkativasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek zeolit alam terkativasi asam dan basa terhadap performa proses Peruraian anaerobik termofilik vinasse. Proses aktivasi zeolit alam diawali dengan perendaman selama 24 jam pada larutan asam klorida (HCl) 3 M atau natrium hidroksida (NaOH) 3 M, dilanjutkan pengeringan dan kalsinasi. Selanjutnya zeolit alam tanpa aktivasi (NZ), teraktivasi asam (NZA), dan teraktivasi basa (NZB) ditambahkan pada proses Peruraian anaerobik termofilik limbah vinasse secara batch dengan inokulum digested vinasse yang diperoleh dari reaktor skala laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan NZB mempercepat puncak produksi gas metana (hari ke9) dibanding NZ (hari ke-12), sedangkan pada NZA tidak terdapat produksi gas metana. Hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan pH cairan. Penambahan NZB menyebabkan pH berada pada kisaran nilai optimum sedangkan NZA menyebabkan hasil sebaliknya. Hasil methane yield NZB juga menunjukkan hasil lebih tinggi yakni 84.37 mL-CH4/g-sCOD removal dibanding NZ 73.94 dan NZA 0.07. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan penambahan zeolite teraktivasi basa untuk meningkatkan performa process Peruraian anaerobik termofilik limbah vinasse

The Effect of the Activation Process and Metal Oxide Addition (CaO, MgO, SrO) on the Catalytic and Physicochemical Properties of Natural Zeolite in Transesterification Reaction

This work provides valuable information about unexplored catalytic systems tested in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil with methanol. It was demonstrated that natural zeolite treatment leads to enhanced catalytic activity and yield of biodiesel production. The activation of the catalytic material in a mixture of 5% H2–95% Ar resulted in an improvement of the values of the TG conversion and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. In addition, it was proven that the incorporation of CaO, MgO and SrO oxides onto the natural zeolite surface improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values in the transesterification reaction

The performance of Jatropha curcas Linn. Capsule Husk as feedstocks biogas in one phase anaerobic digestion

Jatropa curcas Linn. (JcL) capsule husk was not recommended as biogas feedstocks. However for biorefinery purpose, several technologies have been conducting to solve this problem. This research reported quantity and quality comparison of Dry Husk Jcl (DH-JcL) in one phase system of batch digester compare with semi continuous digester. HDPE drum of 80 L working volume used as digester with 40 days hydraulic retention time. Feeding of DH-Jcl and solvent water was mixed on concentration of 1: 8.Research conclusion showed that semi continuous digester was better than batch digester. Biogas quality showed that methanecontent can reach 66.61 % to 83.15 % and biogas quantity in semi continuous digester can reach 0.016 m3 · kg–1 DH JcL. Theresult was not in optimize condition yet because ratio number of volatile fatty acids/ alkalinity showed 0.5, it was indicatedunstable anaerobic degradation process of DH-JcL