180 research outputs found
Shaped superconductor cylinder retains intense magnetic field
The curve of the inner walls of a superconducting cylinder is plotted from the flux lines of the magnetic field to be contained. This shaping reduces maximum flux densities and permits a stronger and more uniform magnetic field
Effects of Prior Aging at 274â°C in Argon on Inelastic Deformation Behavior of PMR-15 Polymer at 288â°C: Experiment and Modeling
The Fecal Fermentation Profile of Infants with Different Feeding Modalities
Introduction/Background
Research indicates nutrition and environment in the first year of a child\u27s life are crucial in their development and growth and can contribute to lower chances of developing obesity and other health concerns. Key factors that can determine these outcomes include the bacteria and resulting short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) present in the gut. This composition may be affected by feeding modality (formula feeding vs breastfeeding), exposure to the motherâs microbiota, weight status of the child, and type of delivery. This research aims to identify the impact of infant feeding modality on toddlers\u27 fecal fermentation profile, and if there are associations between weight status and microbiome, fecal fermentation profile.
Methods/ Procedures
Participants (n=40) were recruited during well-child pediatric appointments at ETSUâs Pediatric primary care clinic. Researchers explained the requirements of the study and participants were provided with a 90-question food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for children ages 2-7, including 90 questions and asks about a child\u27s typical intake over the previous 6-month period. The food list was developed from NHANES III dietary recall data. The childâs history was obtained, including current age, birth length and weight, delivery type (C-section or vaginal), feeding method (breast, bottle fed, or both) and duration. The childâs weight and height were obtained, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Participant-provided stool samples were freeze-dried and ground, and SCFAs were extracted using a procedure developed by Schwiertz et al. that was modified. One mL of the SCFA extraction solution, containing Oxalic acid (0.1 mol/L), Sodium Azide (40 mmol/L), and Caproic acid (0.1 mmol/L) (internal standard) was added to 80 mg of a freeze-dried stool sample in a 16 x 100 mm disposable culture tube, and analyzed using a Shimadzu GC2010 gas chromatograph with SigmaAldrich ZB-Wax Plus capillary column. Samples were run in duplicate, and values for each participant were averaged. Data analysis was generated using SAS software, Version 9.4 of the SAS System, Copyright © 2013 SAS Institute Inc.
Results
Initial findings showed no significant differences in the SCFA composition of obese vs non-obese toddlers in the sample. However, there were significant differences in the amount of specific SCFAs (isobutyrate, isovaleric acid, and octanoic acid) in toddlers who were formula fed as infants versus toddlers who were breastfed, and those fed a combination of breastmilk, and formula (p \u3c 0.05). Further analysis will determine if these initial results may be contributed to overall dietary intake, and more specifically fiber intake
Coupled KdV equations of Hirota-Satsuma type
It is shown that the system of two coupled Korteweg-de Vries equations passes
the Painlev\'e test for integrability in nine distinct cases of its
coefficients. The integrability of eight cases is verified by direct
construction of Lax pairs, whereas for one case it remains unknown
Slowly rotating charged fluid balls and their matching to an exterior domain
The slow-rotation approximation of Hartle is developed to a setting where a
charged rotating fluid is present. The linearized Einstein-Maxwell equations
are solved on the background of the Reissner-Nordstrom space-time in the
exterior electrovacuum region. The theory is put to action for the charged
generalization of the Wahlquist solution found by Garcia. The Garcia solution
is transformed to coordinates suitable for the matching and expanded in powers
of the angular velocity. The two domains are then matched along the zero
pressure surface using the Darmois-Israel procedure. We prove a theorem to the
effect that the exterior region is asymptotically flat if and only if the
parameter C_{2}, characterizing the magnitude of an external magnetic field,
vanishes. We obtain the form of the constant C_{2} for the Garcia solution. We
conjecture that the Garcia metric cannot be matched to an asymptotically flat
exterior electrovacuum region even to first order in the angular velocity. This
conjecture is supported by a high precision numerical analysis.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Zero curvature representation for a new fifth-order integrable system
In this brief note we present a zero-curvature representation for one of the
new integrable system found by Mikhailov, Novikov and Wang in nlin.SI/0601046.Comment: 2 pages, LaTeX 2e, no figure
Properties of equations of the continuous Toda type
We study a modified version of an equation of the continuous Toda type in 1+1
dimensions. This equation contains a friction-like term which can be switched
off by annihilating a free parameter \ep. We apply the prolongation method,
the symmetry and the approximate symmetry approach. This strategy allows us to
get insight into both the equations for \ep =0 and \ep \ne 0, whose
properties arising in the above frameworks are mutually compared. For \ep =0,
the related prolongation equations are solved by means of certain series
expansions which lead to an infinite- dimensional Lie algebra. Furthermore,
using a realization of the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group , a
connection is shown between the continuous Toda equation and a linear wave
equation which resembles a special case of a three-dimensional wave equation
that occurs in a generalized Gibbons-Hawking ansatz \cite{lebrun}. Nontrivial
solutions to the wave equation expressed in terms of Bessel functions are
determined.
For \ep\,\ne\,0, we obtain a finite-dimensional Lie algebra with four
elements. A matrix representation of this algebra yields solutions of the
modified continuous Toda equation associated with a reduced form of a
perturbative Liouville equation. This result coincides with that achieved in
the context of the approximate symmetry approach. Example of exact solutions
are also provided. In particular, the inverse of the exponential-integral
function turns out to be defined by the reduced differential equation coming
from a linear combination of the time and space translations. Finally, a Lie
algebra characterizing the approximate symmetries is discussed.Comment: LaTex file, 27 page
On application of Liouville type equations to constructing B\"acklund transformations
It is shown how pseudoconstants of the Liouville-type equations can be
exploited as a tool for construction of the B\"acklund transformations. Several
new examples of such transformations are found. In particular we obtained the
B\"acklund transformations for a pair of three-component analogs of the
dispersive water wave system, and auto-B\"acklund transformations for coupled
three-component KdV-type systems.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
Slowly, rotating non-stationary, fluid solutions of Einstein's equations and their match to Kerr empty space-time
A general class of solutions of Einstein's equation for a slowly rotating
fluid source, with supporting internal pressure, is matched using Lichnerowicz
junction conditions, to the Kerr metric up to and including first order terms
in angular speed parameter. It is shown that the match applies to any
previously known non-rotating fluid source made to rotate slowly for which a
zero pressure boundary surface exists. The method is applied to the dust source
of Robertson-Walker and in outline to an interior solution due to McVittie
describing gravitational collapse. The applicability of the method to
additional examples is transparent. The differential angular velocity of the
rotating systems is determined and the induced rotation of local inertial frame
is exhibited
Solution generating with perfect fluids
We apply a technique, due to Stephani, for generating solutions of the
Einstein-perfect fluid equations. This technique is similar to the vacuum
solution generating techniques of Ehlers, Harrison, Geroch and others. We start
with a ``seed'' solution of the Einstein-perfect fluid equations with a Killing
vector. The seed solution must either have (i) a spacelike Killing vector and
equation of state P=rho or (ii) a timelike Killing vector and equation of state
rho+3P=0. The new solution generated by this technique then has the same
Killing vector and the same equation of state. We choose several simple seed
solutions with these equations of state and where the Killing vector has no
twist. The new solutions are twisting versions of the seed solutions
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