Ammonium piperidine-1-carbodithio­ate

The title compound, NH4 +·C6H10NS2 −, is composed of an ammonium cation and a piperidine-1-carbodithio­ate anion which exhibits positional disorder. The atoms of the ring have a structural disorder and they are divided into two sites, with occupancy factors of 0.584 and 0.426.. In the crystal, the cation and anion are linked by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds to form an infinite two-dimensional network

Gender Differences in Vascular Interventions for Lower Limb Ischaemia

AbstractObjectives to investigate changes in intervention for lower limb ischaemia with regard to gender. Material and method type of procedure, the age and gender of all patients (8687) undergoing interventions (12 295) for lower limb ischaemia in Stockholm 1970–1994, were obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare.Results interventions rose from 18 per million inhabitants in 1970 to 786 in 1994. The proportion of women treated grew from 34% to 48%. The number of embolectomies decreased from 80 to 69 per million. Infrainguinal reconstructions increased most from 38 in 1980–1984 to 186 per million inhabitants in 1990–1994, with the proportion of women increasing from 33 to 43%. Mean age increased from 63 to 71 years. Conclusions there was a marked increase in the number of procedures, the proportion of female patients and mean age

Sexual Function in Women Suffering from Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease

AbstractObjective:to describe the sexual function in women suffering aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) and in an age-matched reference group.Patients and methods:thirty-six women suffering from AIOD were included. Twenty were investigated before vascular intervention (untreated) and 16 different women after treatment (treated). Eighteen age-matched women served as areferencegroup. The patients answered a questionnaire including sexual, social and medical questions and a gynaecological examination was performed.Results:untreated patients with AIOD have a significantly impaired physical well-being compared to the other groups (p<0.001). A negative effect of the vascular disease and its treatment on sexual life was experienced by 69% oftreatedcompared to 40% affected amonguntreated(p=0.05). Vulval sensibility was impaired in 44% oftreated, 11% ofuntreatedand 22% ofreferencepatients. Defective anal sphincter function was found in 33% oftreated, 17% ofuntreatedand 6% in thereferencegroup. Those differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions:symptomatic AIOD in women is associated with a significantly impaired physical and sexual well-being. Though limited by size and methodology, the results indicate the possibility of iatrogenic nerve damage

Relationships within the Melitaea phoebe species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): new insights from molecular and morphometric information

The genus Melitaea consists of about 80 species, divided into ten species groups, which are all restricted to the Palaearctic region. The Melitaea phoebe group was defined by Higgins based on morphological characters such as wing pattern and genital structures. According to his interpretation, the M.phoebe group included seven species: M.phoebe, M.sibina, M.scotosia, M.aetherie, M.collina, M.consulis and M.turkmanica. The taxonomy of the phoebe species group has been poorly resolved and recent results on the species composition within the group suggest the need for a re-evaluation. In this study molecular sequences (5985bp) including one mitochondrial (COI) and up to six nuclear (CAD, EF-1α, GAPDH, MDH, RpS5 and wingless) gene regions from 38 specimens of the Melitaea phoebe species group sensu Higgins and some closely related taxa from the Palaearctic region were analysed. The possible evolution of the processus posterior of the male genitalia was also reconstructed based on a shape mapping technique. The analysis of the combined data shows a very clear pattern and almost all relationships are highly supported. Based on the combined Bayesian tree and the shape of the processus posterior of the male genitalia, four main groups are recognised: (i) collina group, (ii) arduinna group, (iii) aetherie group and (iv) phoebe group. The status of M.ornata, M.zagrosi and M.scotosia as species is confirmed, and the results also indicate that M.telona (s.s.) from Israel is a separate species

The Gabor wave front set of compactly supported distributions

We show that the Gabor wave front set of a compactly supported distribution equals zero times the projection on the second variable of the classical wave front set

Generalised zonal modes in stationary axisymmetric plasmas

The MHD model enables derivation and analysis of the rich structure of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) and zonal modes in axisymmetric magnetic confined plasmas. The modes are identifiable from a single dispersion relation as two branches of slow magnetosonic continua. The lower frequency branch can be identified as a zonal flow (ZF), which in the simplified limit of static plasmas, has vanishing magnetic component. It is shown in this contribution that axisymmetric, and lesser known non-axisymmetric, zonal modes can be derived from MHD and kinetic models. The work provides a comprehensive derivation of the GAMs and ZF continua in stationary toroidally rotating plasmas, and investigates the exact solution and structure of a generalised family of zonal modes in static equilibria

Studying the nuclear mass composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory measures the atmospheric depth, $X_{max}$, where the longitudinal profile of the high energy air showers reaches its maximum. This is sensitive to the nuclear mass composition of the cosmic rays. Due to its hybrid design, the Pierre Auger Observatory also provides independent experimental observables obtained from the Surface Detector for the study of the nuclear mass composition. We present $X_{max}$-distributions and an update of the average and RMS values in different energy bins and compare them to the predictions for different nuclear masses of the primary particles and hadronic interaction models. We also present the results of the composition-sensitive parameters derived from the ground level component.Comment: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2011, Munich, German