Analysis of caesarean sections according to Robson’s criteria at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India

Background: The rate of caesarean section (CS) has been skyrocketed globally over the past three decades which makes it utmost essential to be reanalyzed. Hence, the Robson’s classification of international standards has become a need of an hour. This study aimed to analyze the trend of caesarean sections at a tertiary care teaching hospital, by using Robson’s criteria.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Government Medical College in Akola. The data was collected for the women delivered by CS during November 2017 to April 2019 and proportions in various groups as per Robson’s criteria were calculated.Results: The overall CS rate for the study period at our hospital was 63.89%. Robson Group 1 (24.5%) had the greatest representation in the study population followed by Group 5 (21.27%) and 3 (14.18%). While Groups 6 (10.13%) and 9 (0.63%) had the least representation. Group 5 was found to be the highest absolute contributor (20.5%) to overall CS rates followed by Group 1 (16.08%). Group 9 had a least possible share in the study population, but it had 100% CS rate.Conclusions: Robson’s classification must be implemented in all delivery units to avoid unnecessary caesarean sections. Every effort should be made to provide caesarean sections to women in need, rather than striving to achieve a specific rate and Robson’s criteria is a step forward in the same direction

Puberty menorrhagia in modern era: analysis in a tertiary care centre

Background: Puberty menorrhagia can pose a significant challenge to the gynecologist when associated with serious systemic complications like anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. Early diagnosis and treatment with individualization of each and every case is the keystone in the management of puberty menorrhagia. Exclusion of pregnancy is mandatory in every case, irrespective of the history, reassurance, counseling, regular follow-up along with a balanced nutritional diet and long term iron therapy go a long way in successful management of such cases.Methods: Data was collected from medical case records in each of these cases from indoor case sheets.Results: There were 35 indoor admissions in the gynaecology ward at GMC Akola 2011 to 2013 for critical puberty menorrhagia over a span of two years. The leading cause was anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Other systemic associations included hypothyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, genital tuberculosis, and PCOD. Each case was analyzed for demographic profile, duration of menorrhagia, severity of symptoms, degree of anaemia, final diagnosis, requirement of blood and component therapy and response to conservative management.  Conclusions: Most abnormal bleeding in adolescents is caused by immaturity of the hypothalamic - pituitary ovarian axis resulting in anovulation. Approximately 20% of adolescents have an underlying endocrine or haematological disorder requiring targeted diagnostic testing

A Survey: Wireless Body Area Network for Health Monitoring

With an increasingly mobile society and the worldwide deployment of mobile and wireless networks, the wireless infrastructure can support many current and emerging health care applications. Citizens, being patients or non-patients, will not only be able to get medical advice from a distance but will also be able to send from any location full detailed and accurate vital signal measurements, as if they had been taken in medical centers. Towards this direction, the proposed system is highly customizable vital signal monitoring system based on Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). The proposed system allows the incorporation of diverse medical sensors via wireless connections and the live transmission of the measured vital signals over public wireless networks to healthcare providers. This paper discusses different scenarios where this wearable health monitoring system can be used and different types of sensors are used to measure the different parameters such as temperatures, glucose, heart beats, ECG, EEG, etc. Finally, through a case study, we demonstrate how the diabetic patient takes the advantage of this system

Are textbook lungs really normal? A cadaveric study on the anatomical and clinical importance of variations in the major lung fissures, and the incomplete right horizontal fissure.

INTRODUCTION: The lungs have three main fissures: the right oblique fissure (ROF), right horizontal fissure (RHF), and left oblique fissure (LOF). These can be complete, incomplete or absent; quantifying the degree of completeness of these fissures is novel. Standard textbooks often refer to the fissures as complete, but awareness of variation is essential in thoracic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fissures in 81 pairs of cadaveric lungs were classified. Oblique fissures were measured from lung hila posteriorly to the lung hila anteriorly; and the RHF measured from the ROF to the anteromedial lung edge. The degree of completeness of fissures was expressed as a percentage of the total projected length were they to be complete. The frequency and location of accessory fissures was noted. RESULTS: LOF were complete in 66/81 (81.5%), incomplete in 13/81 (16.0%) and absent in 2/81 (2.47%); ROF were complete in 52/81 (64.2%), incomplete in 29/81 (35.8%) and never absent; RHF were more variable, complete in 18/81 (22.2%), incomplete in 54/81 (66.7%) and absent in 9/81 (11.1%). LOF and ROF were on average 97.1% and 91.6% complete, respectively, being deficient posteriorly at the lung hila. The RHF on average 69.4% complete, being deficient anteromedially. There were accessory fissures in 10 left and 19 right lungs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a projection of the anatomy thoracic surgeons may encounter at operation, in particular the variable RHF. This knowledge is essential for optimal outcomes in both benign and oncological procedures influenced by the fissures

Impact of Social Media Micro-influencer on the Buying Behavior of lifestyle Product of Irish Millennials

Millennial generation has substantial purchasing power, its crucial to find how millennial generation react to the emerging concept of social media micro-influencer. The purpose of this study to build understanding around the micro-influencer marketing perspective and examine the impact of Social media micro-influencer on the buying behaviors of lifestyle product of Irish Millennials. Interpretivist, inductive approach utilised to attend true reflection of millennial consumer views. Six in depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with Irish Millennials. The finding of this explored and achieved through thematic analysis which presented as the main themes emerged viz, Social media and visuals, Engagement, Relatable , Credible and Trust. Moreover, Finding have provided more insightful information on the aspect of millennials and their buying behaviour on the social media. In relation to engagement, it was found that millennial push their boundaries to seek connection. When influencer is approachable it encourages millennial consumer to interact and feel comfortable. Relatability aspects of social media micro-influencer with millennial found to be highly significant because of the millennial consumers ability to relate the source. In terms of credibility, it was prominent that millennial seek source credibility, which has high impact on their purchase decisions. It was found that credibility is important dimension of trustworthiness. It was found that millennial induce two-communication interactivity, this generation is prone to value other opinions. This was significant in findings that millennials have higher trust level with smaller social media influencer (micro influencer) to make their purchase decision

Role of Lipid-Based and Polymer-Based Non-Viral Vectors in Nucleic Acid Delivery for Next-Generation Gene Therapy

The field of gene therapy has experienced an insurgence of attention for its widespread ability to regulate gene expression by targeting genomic DNA, messenger RNA, microRNA, and short-interfering RNA for treating malignant and non-malignant disorders. Numerous nucleic acid analogs have been developed to target coding or non-coding sequences of the human genome for gene regulation. However, broader clinical applications of nucleic acid analogs have been limited due to their poor cell or organ-specific delivery. To resolve these issues, non-viral vectors based on nanoparticles, liposomes, and polyplexes have been developed to date. This review is centered on non-viral vectors mainly comprising of cationic lipids and polymers for nucleic acid-based delivery for numerous gene therapy-based applications

STUDY OF THE ROLES OF THE NEDD4-LIKE UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE RSP5 IN YEAST CELL CYCLE

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Fine needle aspiration cytology of bone tumors

To study the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of bone tumors and its impact on therapeutic decisions. Study Design: A group of 122 cases of bone tumor were evaluated by FNAC. Detailed diagnoses were compared with the available histology. Results: Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 90.5% in this study. FNAC could differentiate between various round cell tumors such as Ewing\u92s sarcoma and myeloma, among various giant cell\u96rich lesions of bone and between the benign and malignant chondroid bone tumors. Some uncommon variants were also correctly diagnosed. In metastatic bone tumors, the source of primary malignancy could not be indicated in the majority (52.9%) because of the poorly differentiated morphology. Osteoid or osteoid-like material was demonstrable in 63.6% cases of osteogenic sarcoma. A case of chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma that was reported as chondrosarcoma was the only diagnostic error in the study. FNAC obviated the need of open biopsy in 63.8% patients, and therapeutic decisions were made according to the cytologic diagnose

Loss-of-function manipulations to identify roles of diverse glia and stromal cells during CNS scar formation.

Scar formation is the replacement of parenchymal cells by stromal cells and fibrotic extracellular matrix. Until as recently as 25 years ago, little was known about the major functional contributions of different neural and non-neural cell types in the formation of scar tissue and tissue fibrosis in the CNS. Concepts about CNS scar formation are evolving rapidly with the availability of different types of loss-of-function technologies that allow mechanistic probing of cellular and molecular functions in models of CNS disorders in vivo. Such loss-of-function studies are beginning to reveal that scar formation and tissue fibrosis in the CNS involves complex interactions amongst multiple types of CNS glia and non-neural stromal cells. For example, attenuating functions of the CNS resident glial cells, astrocytes or microglia, can disrupt the formation of limitans borders that form around stromal cell scars, which leads to increased spread of inflammation, increased loss of neural tissue, and increased fibrosis. Insights are being gained into specific neuropathological mechanisms whereby specific dysfunctions of different types of CNS glia could cause or contribute to disorder-related tissue pathology and dysfunction. CNS glia, as well as fibrosis-producing stromal cells, are emerging as potential major contributors to diverse CNS disorders either through loss- or gain-of-functions, and are thereby emerging as important potential targets for interventions. In this article, we will review and discuss the effects on CNS scar formation and tissue repair of loss-of-function studies targeted at different specific cell types in various disorder models in vivo