Spherically Symmetric, Self-Similar Spacetimes

Self-similar spacetimes are of importance to cosmology and to gravitational collapse problems. We show that self-similarity or the existence of a homothetic Killing vector field for spherically symmetric spacetimes implies the separability of the spacetime metric in terms of the co-moving coordinates and that the metric is, uniquely, the one recently reported in [cqg1]. The spacetime, in general, has non-vanishing energy-flux and shear. The spacetime admits matter with any equation of state.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Measuring Pancharatnam's relative phase for SO(3) evolutions using spin polarimetry

In polarimetry, a superposition of internal quantal states is exposed to a single Hamiltonian and information about the evolution of the quantal states is inferred from projection measurements on the final superposition. In this framework, we here extend the polarimetric test of Pancharatnam's relative phase for spin$-{1/2}$ proposed by Wagh and Rakhecha [Phys. Lett. A {\bf 197}, 112 (1995)] to spin $j\geq 1$ undergoing noncyclic SO(3) evolution. We demonstrate that the output intensity for higher spin values is a polynomial function of the corresponding spin$-{1/2}$ intensity. We further propose a general method to extract the noncyclic SO(3) phase and visibility by rigid translation of two $\pi /2$ spin flippers. Polarimetry on higher spin states may in practice be done with spin polarized atomic beams.Comment: New title, minor corrections, journal reference adde

Buying Practices and Prevalence of Adulteration in Selected Food items in a Rural Area of Wardha District: A Cross - Sectional Study

Introduction: Food adulteration in India includes both willful adulteration and substandard food which do not confirm to prescribe food standard. There is striking paucity of reliable data with regard to extent of adulteration and documentation of food borne illnesses reflecting lack of attention and focus on this problem. Objectives: To find the prevalence of food adulteration, buying practices of selected food items and their awareness towards food adulteration act. Also assess relationship between per-capita incomes, education of respondents, and food borne illnesses with magnitude of adulteration in each house-hold. Methods: With the best estimate of 50%, sample size comes to 89. By stratifying the village according to social strata and randomly selecting the households with PPS. Questionnaire was administered to fulfill our objectives and food items were tested. Data analyzed by numeral with percentage, Pearson moment correlation, F test and chi square test. Results: In 68.5% Households, wife (home-maker) buys the grocery. Majority of them never read the food labels. All the selected food items were adulterated ranging from 76 % to 11%. Mean percentage of purity was highest in literates (47.5 ± 22.48) than illiterates and just literates. Food borne illness was prevalent in households with low purity of food. Association was found between per capita income and percentage of purity (0.765)

Charged particles in a rotating magnetic field

We study the valence electron of an alkaline atom or a general charged particle with arbitrary spin and with magnetic moment moving in a rotating magnetic field. By using a time-dependent unitary transformation, the Schr\"odinger equation with the time-dependent Hamiltonian can be reduced to a Schr\"odinger-like equation with a time-independent effective Hamiltonian. Eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian correspond to cyclic solutions of the original Schr\"odinger equation. The nonadiabatic geometric phase of a cyclic solution can be expressed in terms of the expectation value of the component of the total angular momentum along the rotating axis, regardless of whether the solution is explicitly available. For the alkaline atomic electron and a strong magnetic field, the eigenvalue problem of the effective Hamiltonian is completely solved, and the geometric phase turns out to be a linear combination of two solid angles. For a weak magnetic field, the same problem is solved partly. For a general charged particle, the problem is solved approximately in a slowly rotating magnetic field, and the geometric phases are also calculated.Comment: REVTeX, 13 pages, no figure. There are two minor errors in the published version due to incorrect editing by the publisher. The "spin-1" in Sec. I and the "spin 1" in Sec. II below Eq. (2c) should both be changed to "spin" or "spin angular momentum". The preferred E-mail for correspondence is [email protected] or [email protected]

Study of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ulcer of lower extremity under various conditions

Background: As lower extremities are exposed to injury and having a circulation strained by upright posture of human being should be the site of ulcer. This has reason for researchers and surgeon who have been concerned with the reasons for their common occurrence and difficulty in their cure. Researcher interested to study the pathogenesis of ulcer of lower extremity under various conditions.Methods: In the present study, 70 patients of lower extremity ulcer with various types were admitted in surgical wards of Mallareddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. The cases were examined in detail and investigated thoroughly. In clinically doubtful cases, the diagnosis was made only after histopathological examination.Results: Most common type of ulcer was found in the present was Venous 13 (18.57%) cases, contributed by male (12) and female (1) followed by Traumatic 12 (17.14%) and Diabetic 11 (15.74%). Most of cases belong to the age group 41-60 years (47.14) and male (28 cases). High saphenous vein ligation with sripping of veins (23.07%) and conservative (23.07%) treatment were common surgical procedures used for the treatment of venous ulcer.Conclusions: In the present, venous ulcers are the most common of all leg ulcers with high morbidity. The surgical procedures are directed at prevention of venous reflux at various levels

Estimation of total phenolic, total flavonoid content and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Ixora coccinea Linn. stems

Ixora coccinea Linn. (Rubiaceae) has mentioned in Ayurveda as Paranti and traditionally stems used in inflammatory diseases like sprains, eczema, contusions and boils.  Present study deals with evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of I.coccinea stem. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vivo by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat and in vitro by human red blood cell membrane stabilization method. Total tannin and flavonoid content of extracts was determined by using the Folin- Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by in vitro assay involving nitric oxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 2,2-  diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and ion chelating activity. Chloroform extract showed significant reduction in carrageenan induced rat paw edema (p<0.05) and protection of HRBC in hypotonic solution. Methanol extract contain more total tannin and flavonoid content as compared with petroleum ether and chloroform extract. All extracts showed concentration dependant free radical scavenging activity. Methanol extract and chloroform extract have shown better antioxidant activity and due to this antioxidant nature might be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. These activity supports to use of I.coccinea extract in traditional used in treatment of various inflammatory disaeses

Observation of off-diagonal geometric phase in polarized neutron interferometer experiments

Off-diagonal geometric phases acquired in the evolution of a spin-1/2 system have been investigated by means of a polarized neutron interferometer. Final counts with and without polarization analysis enable us to observe simultaneously the off-diagonal and diagonal geometric phases in two detectors. We have quantitatively measured the off-diagonal geometric phase for noncyclic evolutions, confirming the theoretical predictions. We discuss the significance of our experiment in terms of geometric phases (both diagonal and off-diagonal) and in terms of the quantum erasing phenomenon.Comment: pdf, 22 pages + 8 figures (included in the pdf). In print on Phys. Rev.