Combining Ability and Heterosis of Locally Developed Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. (Moench) Hybrids for Grain Yield and Forage

This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of heterosis and combining abilities (general and specific) for forage and grain yield performance of sorghum hybrids. However, information on heterotic performance and combing ability of Ethiopian elite sorghum lines is for biomass and yield performance is inadequate. ANOVA revealed, mean squares had signifying substantial amount of variability amongst genotypes for most traits. Parents and Hybrids are significantly different for all traits except thousand grain weight, number of green leaves and panicle width. This revealed that hybrids can have better yield than OPVs. Hybrids, 106x94, 106x90, 106x102, 107x99 and 107x105 were found maximum heterotic hybrids for yield as compare to check. The estimations of parental GCA effects showed that female 106 and males 79, 96, 94 and 81 were good general combiners for yield and related traits. Based on perse performance, heterotic response and combining ability, female parent 106 and male parents 94, 102 and 90 were found most performed. Those parental lines could be used for further hybrid and germplasm development. Keywords: Combining ability, GCA, Heterosis, Biomass, Hybrid, SCA, Sorghum DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-23-01 Publication date: December 31st 202

A framework for evaluating telemedicine-based healthcare inequality reduction in Ethiopia : a grounded theory approach

Text in EnglishTelehealth makes healthcare services accessible by underserved and resource-constrained rural communities of developing countries such as Ethiopia. However, the limitation of frameworks on telemedicine-based healthcare inequality reduction is a challenge for developing countries. In Ethiopia there are four telemedicine projects; however, there is no evidence that any of these projects have been evaluated by considering contextual issues. This academic research explored telehealth practices in Ethiopia with the aim of developing a comprehensive telehealth evaluation framework for developing countries. Such a conceptual framework could be used to inform health institutes and governmental policy makers and in so doing create a vehicle for the implementation of improved health practices in Ethiopia. A grounded theory approach is used to qualitatively explore the usefulness of telemedicine practices in Ethiopia, in mitigating healthcare inequality. Grounded theory makes use of emerging insights in order to contribute to new knowledge. From the inductive analysis of the study, themes such as barrier removal, service quality, synergetic effect, localization, technical setup, resource utilization and managerial readiness emerged to formulate a framework for evaluating telemedicine-based healthcare inequality reduction in the context of developing countries like Ethiopia. This study contributes to the understanding of the question of how telemedicine practices can be evaluated, to support the healthcare service and reduce the healthcare inequalities in resource constrained communities in Ethiopia. Moreover, the framework could be used during evaluation of telemedicine-based healthcare inequality reduction in the context of developing countries like Ethiopia.School of ComputingPh.D. (Information Systems

The Conflict of Ethnic Identity and the Language of Education Policy in Contemporary Ethiopia

This paper examines the current language policy of Ethiopia, especially its significance for the educational systems of that country. The policy in its present form was proclaimed in 1991 after the present government drove out the former Marxist-Leninist military junta, which had ruled the country for the preceding twenty years2. The language policy, along with other human rights and ethnic-related policies, was incorporated into the new constitution that took effect in 1996. Among other things, the policy provides for Ethiopia’s more than 90 language groups to develop and use their respective languages in the courts, in governmental and other political entities, and in cultural, and business communications as well as in education. The policies do not, however, specify which, how many, or in what order they would enjoy priority in governmental support for further development, nor do they hint at any limits as to the number and extent of the languages. In the absence of any limit or specification, the presumption is that all of them would have the right to find the necessary resources, whether through competition for governmental support or through other means. Practical considerations would suggest that, given limited resources in the country or any given linguistic community, the law would provide some guide to efforts to balance the ideal and the practical. It does not do this, consequently, some time soon, conflict among the tribal groups, is almost certain

A proposed trust management model for organisations: the case of the Ethiopian banking sector

Ethiopia, a developing country on the African continent, has experienced double digit growth during the last decade. To sustain this growth, the country needs a sound and healthy banking sector. Consensus exists that trust is a valuable resource that can make a difference. It influences the quality of relationships between an organisation and its employees and management. It enables organisations such as banks, to retain their most valuable employees and customers, and improve organisational functioning. Most leaders agree that high levels of trust are critical to the success of their organisations. In this study, the existing theoretical principles and models relating to trust, were analysed in depth, and followed up by an empirical study to determine to what extent trust management practices were being applied. A quantitative survey was conducted on a probability sample of 405 participants from the eight largest banks in Ethiopia. From the measured items, 54 usable factors were identified by using exploratory factor analysis. The calculated Cronbach alpha values indicated a satisfactory internal consistency. While the Pearson product-moment correlation applied to the factors, indicated a dominance of statistically significant positive correlations. Various informative results emerged from the empirical survey, amongst which were, the relative weak application of trust management practices such as trust drivers and trust builders. Some barriers were also identified such as the trustworthiness of coworkers/ team members, the immediate supervisor and top management. Thus, it was evident that proper trust management practices had not been fully established within the banking sector in Ethiopia. There was thus a need for some guidelines in this regard. An integrated trust management model was therefore developed, and tested, through Structural Equation Modelling, and validated to satisfy this need.Human Resource ManagementD. Admin. (Human Resource Management

Diatom community structure in relation to physico-chemical factors in a tropical soda Lake Shala and inflowing hot-springs, Ethiopia

Diatoms are highly diverse and versatile, with members growing under different environmental conditions including extreme environments. Although diatom communities in some extreme environments have been investigated recently, little is known about their community structure within the hot springs of soda lakes in Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess the diversity and distribution of diatoms from Lake Shala and inflowing hot springs in relation to physico-chemical variables. Water and diatom samples were collected from Lake Shala and three inflowing hotsprings. The mean pH, temperature, EC, salinity, TDS, DO, NO3-+NO2-, NH3+NH4+, SRP, TP and SiO2 were significantly different among the stations. The significant variations in these factors could be attributed to their heterogeneous geological characteristic and the hydrology of the study area.  A total of 45 diatom taxa were identified, with the highest species observed in Shala Hora Mid Hotspring sites (37) and the lowest in Shala Gike Hotspring (29). Diatom community structure was also examined and it was found that the diatom community of Lake Shala and inflowing hotsprings are highly influenced by environmental water conditions. Characteristic taxa including Anomoeoneis sphaerophora, Nitzschia spp., Rhomboids gibberula, R. gibba, R. acuminata, R. operculata, Navicula spp. and Frustulia rhomboids, showed a wide tolerance to pH, salinity, EC, TDS, temperature, nitrogen and phosphate. RDA analysis found a number of discriminating taxa and salinity, conductivity, pH, DO SRP and temperature were key factors that accounted for a significant variation in the diatom community structure

Geothermal Energy and Water Resources in Ethiopia

No abstract available

Geothermal Energy and Water Resources in Ethiopia

No abstract available

Determinants of birth asphyxia among preterm newborns in Ethiopia : a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies protocol

Background: Birth asphyxia accounted for nearly 50% of neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan African countries. This scenario has been worst in Ethiopia where every two out of three deaths attributed to birth asphyxia. Moreover, studies conducted in Ethiopia were highly variable and inconclusive to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of perinatal birth asphyxia among preterm babies. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of birth asphyxia and its determinants among preterm newborns in Ethiopia. Methods: The protocol for this review is registered at PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020158224. A comprehensive online databases (PubMed, HINARI, Scopus, EMBASE, Science direct, and Cochrane library database), Google Scholar, African Journals online, other gray and online repository accessed studies will be searched using different search engines. In addition, maternity and infant care databases uploaded at Ethiopian Health Development Journal and Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences will be searched until 30 June 2020. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) will be used for critical appraisal of studies. Three reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction, and then critically appraise all identified studies. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of birth asphyxia and associated factors among neonates in Ethiopia will be considered. The analysis of data will be done using STATA 11.0. We will demonstrate pooled estimates and determinants of birth asphyxia with effect size and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among the included studies will be assessed through the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test. Publication bias will be checked using funnel plot and Egger’s test. Finally, statistical significance level will be declared at a p value of less than 0.05. Discussion: The result from this systematic review will inform and guide health policy planners to invest limited resources on maternal and neonatal health. Furthermore, it will be a stimulus for future cumulative meta-analysis researchers in developing nations