Aturaparijnana Hetu: Concept of person understanding

Dashavidha Pariksha is a key for the assessment of perfect Deha Bala and Dosha Bala in healthy as well as unhealthy individual. Deha Bala and Dosha Bala are also necessary for calculating respective dose and duration of a medicine in Ayurveda. Aturaparijnana Hetu gives standard guideline for Dashavidha Pariksha. This article would like to highlight discussion on the above study to calculate the Dosha Bala and Deha Bala along with Aushadha Bala

Novel Research on Ayurveda’s Standard Examination Method : Aaturaparijnana Hetu

Examination of ongoing pathology in patient’s body is quite essential for a physician to calculate the estimation the dose of drug. But examination method mentioned in Ayurveda is incomplete without using the present concept of Aturaparijnana Hetu. With the help of Aturaparijnana Hetu the traditional methods of person understanding (the Dashavidha Pariksha) become more accurate and powerful. Aturaparijnaana Hetu gives standard of a person. In this way, examination method acquires the foundation; designed for grading. In short, person’s residual strength can be documented. These article is intended to highlight the research work through survey study that how can a group is identify by their respective Desh

Clinical evaluation of Tikta Kshira Basti and Patrapinda Sveda in Cervical Spondylosis (Asthigata Vata)

Cervical bone is an identification of human body which differentiate from animal in a unique way. Due to its multidimensional movement human workings are effortless. But due to modernisation and fast life some hazards become nail of comfort of humans. Cervical spondylosis is one of them. Ayurveda has its good solution specially Panchakarma procedure which is advisable by Acharya Sushruta itself. Here in present article an effort has been made to rule out the evaluation of Tikta Kshira Basti and Patrapinda Sweda in cervical spondylosis in clinical practice

SYNTHESIS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF 3-HYDROXY CHROMONE DERIVATIVES

 Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize a series of 3-hydroxychromone derivatives and to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.Methods: 3-hydroxy chromones were synthesized using an algar flynn oyamada method which includes oxidative cyclization of 2-hydroxy chalcones in basic solution by hydrogen peroxide. 2-hydroxy chalcones were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of substituted 2-hydroxy acetophenones with substituted aromatic aldehydes using polyethylene glycol-400 as a recyclable solvent. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. In addition, these compounds were also screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by agar cup method and Poison plate method, respectively.Results: The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity data revealed that all the synthesized derivatives exhibited good activity due to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl group, 4-oxo group and 2,3-double bond. Further, the activity increased with the introduction of a more phenolic hydroxyl group and adjacent methoxy group in the structure. The antimicrobial activity data showed that the compounds possess better antibacterial and antifungal activity which is attributed to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl group and 4-oxo group in the structure.Conclusions: The use of inexpensive, eco-friendly and readily available reagents, easy work-up and high purity of products makes the procedure a convenient and robust method for the synthesis of title compounds. The presence of phenolic hydroxyl group, 4-oxo group, and 2,3-double bond in the structure is responsible for their good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF COLON TARGETED MESALAMINE PELLETS: IN VITRO-IN VIVO RELEASE STUDY

Objective: This study was intended to investigate the potential of the colon specificity approach comprising of use of pH-sensitive and time-dependent polymers in combination for precise colonic release of Mesalamine or 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Methods: The extrusion and spheronization method, preferably employed in industry for allowing high dose capacity to formulate, was used to prepare drug pellets. The Wurster coating technique used for aqueous coatings of Eudragit NE 40D as an inner coat and Eudragit FS30D as outer coat. The changing pH media used for in vitro release study of optimization batches for both the coating levels. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate coating thickness and surface morphology. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of formulation evaluated by in vivo study in rabbits revealed that the uncoated formulation released the drug too early in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with a mean Cmax of 1205.28±0.37 µg/ml at 2 h after administration, whereas desired lag time was achieved in case of coated pellets exhibiting mean Cmax 465.94±0.21 µg/ml and tmax of 8 h. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo release study divulge the reliability of approach involving the use of pH sensitivity and time dependency of polymer for drug release in a single formulation for the treatment of colonic diseases. Hence, the present study provides constructive results for colon targeting of 5-ASA pellets with industrially feasible processes

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF LIDOCAINE AND PRILOCAINE IN TOPICAL FORMULATION

  Objective: A simple, specific, accurate, and precise method, namely, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography was to develop for simultaneous estimation of Lidocaine (LDC) and prilocaine (PLC) in a topical local anesthetic cream.Method: The mixture of PLC and LDC was separated on Hi Q Sil C18 HS column, (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), column temperature ambient and flow rate 1.2 mL/minutes. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.01 M diethylamine solution (pH adjusts to 6.8 with orthophosphoric acid) (60:40) with detection at 225 nm.Results: The retention time was found to be 6.075±0.12 minutes for PLC and 8.642±0.15 minutes for LDC, respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 1-6 μg/mL for both LDC and PLC, respectively. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guideline and values of linearity, precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, selectivity, and recovery were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed value.Conclusion: The proposed method can be useful in the quality control of LDC and PLC in their topical formulation

In-vitro susceptibility of multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa to organic acids

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a classic opportunistic pathogen with innate resistance to many antibiotics anddisinfectants. Resistance to antimicrobial agents makes it the most noxious organism to eliminate from infection site. Inview of its antimicrobial resistance, an attempt was made to study its susceptibility to various organic acids.Methods: Seven clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to multiple antibiotics were subjected to in vitro susceptibilityto various organic acids by broth dilution method to find out susceptibility to various organic acids.Results: The isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to 14 antimicrobials were found susceptible to one percent oxalic acidand trichloroacetic acid, two percent lactic acid and citric acid, and three percent acetic acid. It is interesting to note thatstrains resistant to multiple antibiotics were also found susceptible to organic acids. Oxalic acid and trichloroacetic acidwere found highly effective.Conclusions: Clinical use of oxalic acid, trichloroacetic acid and lactic acid as topical agents to treat superficial pseudomonalinfections caused by difficult strains of P. aeruginosa may be recommended after confirmation of their toxicityand in vivo efficacy in animal models. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 3(2): 67-70Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance, Susceptibility to Organic Acid

DEVELOPMENT OF AMORPHOUS BINARY AND TERNARY SOLID DISPERSIONS OF NATEGLINIDE FOR IMPROVED SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION

Objective: Nateglinide is a commonly used oral hypoglycemic, biopharmaceutical classification system Class II drug, which shows relatively poor water solubility and variable bioavailability. The objective of the present investigation was to develop the binary and ternary solid dispersions of nateglinide for improved solubility and dissolution. Methods: Nateglinide solid dispersions were prepared by a common solvent evaporation method. Polymers like soluplus, kolliphor P188, sylloid 244FP, gelucire 48/16, affinisol (HPMCAS), HPβCD, βCD were used in different combinations. The physicochemical characterization of the optimized ternary dispersion was studied by using FT-IR, DSC, and PXRD. Solubility and dissolution behavior of all dispersions were studied. Result: From all prepared ternary solid dispersions, nateglinide dissolution was significantly faster than pure nateglinide. With ternary solid dispersion of NTG, soluplus and kolliphor P188 there was a big improvement in solubility and dissolution. This combination enhanced the solubility of NTG by 23 folds. Another ternary dispersion of NTG with soluplus and gelucire 48/16 enhanced solubility by 25 fold. Conclusion: Ternary solid dispersion found superior over binary dispersions. For the ternary dispersions, showing the best solubility, tablets were prepared. Dissolution and drug release from the formulated tablet was as good as a marketed product

Citric acid: A potential permeabilizer against multiple drug resistance enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteric diseases enter through the mouth and are usually spread by contaminated food, water or contact with contaminated vomit or feces. Enteric infection encompasses all the infections of the intestinal tract. These intestinal infections include organisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus etc. Out of these, E. coli are one of the common causes of enteric infection. In spite the introduction of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents against enteric diseases, life threatening infections caused by E. coli contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli obtained from stool samples and potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant E. coli. Out of the 200 isolates of E. coli, 150 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. 0.05% and 0.1% citric acid was found to be effective in increasing the potency of the all the antibiotics used in the study