The origins and evolution of French costing systems

Includes bibliographical references (p.25-28)

IMPROVING THE RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH ON PRICE FORECASTING AND MARKETING STRATEGIES

Agricultural economists' research on price forecasting and marketing strategies has been used little by those in the real world. We argue that fresh approaches to research are needed. First, we argue that we need to adopt a new theoretical paradigm, noisy rational expectations. This paradigm suggests that gains from using price forecasting models with public data or from using a marketing strategy are not impossible, but any gains are likely to be small. We need to conduct falsification tests; to perform confirmation and replication; to adjust research to reflect structural changes, such as increased contracting; and always to conduct statistical tests. We also provide a modest agenda for changing our research and extension programs.Demand and Price Analysis, Marketing,

Damage prediction in cross-plied curved composite laminates

Analytical and experimental work is detailed which is required to predict delamination onset and growth in a curved cross plied composite laminate subjected to static and fatigue loads. The composite used was AS4/3501/6, graphite/epoxy. Analytically, a closed form stress analysis and 2-D and 3-D finite element analyses were conducted to determine the stress distribution in an undamaged curved laminate. The finite element analysis was also used to determine values of strain energy release rate at a delamination emanating from a matrix crack in a 90 deg ply. Experimentally, transverse tensile strength and fatigue life were determined from flat 90 deg coupons. The interlaminar tensile strength and fatigue life were determined from double cantilevered beam specimens. Cross plied curved laminates were tested statically and in fatigue to give a comparison to the analytical predictions. A comparison of the fracture mechanics life prediction technique and the strength based prediction technique is given

The Incidence of Magnetic Fields in Massive Stars: An Overview of the MiMeS Survey Component

With only a handful of known magnetic massive stars, there is a troubling deficit in the scope of our knowledge of the influence of magnetic fields on stellar evolution, and almost no empirical basis for understanding how fields modify mass loss and rotation in massive stars. Most remarkably, there is still no solid consensus regarding the origin physics of these fields - whether they are fossil remnants, or produced by contemporaneous dynamos, or some combination of these mechanisms. This article will present an overview of the Survey Component of the MiMeS Large Programs, the primary goal of which is to search for Zeeman signatures in the circular polarimetry of massive stars (stars with spectral types B3 and hotter) that were previously unknown to host any magnetic field. To date, the MiMeS collaboration has collected more than 550 high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations with ESPaDOnS and Narval of nearly 170 different stars, from which we have discovered 14 new magnetic stars.Comment: 7 pages (+1 for questions), 3 figures, to appear in proceedings of Stellar polarimetry: From birth to deat

Black hole quasinormal modes using the asymptotic iteration method

In this article we show that the asymptotic iteration method (AIM) allows one to numerically find the quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild de Sitter (SdS) black holes. An added benefit of the method is that it can also be used to calculate the Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter (SAdS) quasinormal modes for the case of spin zero perturbations. We also discuss an improved version of the AIM, more suitable for numerical implementation.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX; references added; substantially expanded versio

Graviton emission from simply rotating Kerr-de Sitter black holes: Transverse traceless tensor graviton modes

In this article we present results for tensor graviton modes (in seven dimensions and greater, $n\geq 3$) for greybody factors of Kerr-dS black holes and for Hawking radiation from simply rotating (n+4)-dimensional Kerr black holes. Although there is some subtlety with defining the Hawking temperature of a Kerr-dS black hole, we present some preliminary results for emissions assuming the standard Hawking normalization and a Bousso-Hawking-like normalization.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figure

Angular Eigenvalues of Higher-Dimensional Kerr-(A)dS Black Holes with Two Rotations

In this paper, following the work of Chen, L\"u and Pope, we present the general metric for Kerr-(A)dS black holes with two rotations. The corresponding Klein-Gordon equation is separated explicitly, from which we develop perturbative expansions for the angular eigenvalues in powers of the rotation parameters with $D\geq 6$.Comment: 10 pages, no figures. To appear in the proceedings of 2011 Shanghai Asia-Pacific School and Workshop on Gravitatio

Bulk dominated fermion emission on a Schwarzschild background

Using the WKBJ approximation, and the Unruh method, we obtain semi-analytic expressions for the absorption probability (in all energy regimes) for Dirac fermions on a higher dimensional Schwarzschild background. We present an analytic expression relating the absorption probability to the absorption cross-section, and then use these results to plot the emission rates to third order in the WKBJ approximation. The set-up we use is sufficiently general such that it could also easily be applied to any spherically symmetric background in $d$-dimensions. Our results lead to the interesting conclusion that for $d>5$ bulk fermion emission dominates brane localised emission. This is an example contrary to the conjecture that black holes radiate mainly on the brane.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Split fermion quasi-normal modes

In this paper we use the conformal properties of the spinor field to show how we can obtain the fermion quasi-normal modes for a higher dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. These modes are of interest in so called split fermion models, where quarks and leptons are required to exist on different branes in order to keep the proton stable. As has been previously shown, for brane localized fields, the larger the number of dimensions the faster the black hole damping rate. Moreover, we also present the analytic forms of the quasi-normal frequencies in both the large angular momentum and the large mode number limits.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, version 2 added reference