Estimation of Standardized Effort in the Heterogeneous Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fleet

In this paper we estimate nominal and standardized shrimping effort in the Gulf of Mexico for the years 1965 through 1993. We accomplish this by first developing a standardization method (model) and then an expansion method (model). The expansion model estimates nominal days fished for noninterview landings data. The standardization model converts nominal days fished to standard days fished. We then characterize the historical trends of the penaeid shrimp fishery byvessel configuration, relative fishing power, and nominal and standardized effort. Wherever possible, we provide comparison with previous estimates by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

Morphologic alterations in the rat medullary collecting duct following potassium depletion

Morphologic alterations in the rat medullary collecting duct following potassium depletion. Freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy and morphometry were used to characterize further the response of the rat medullary collecting duct to potassium depletion. In freeze-fracture replicas, principal cells and intercalated cells were identified based on the assumption that intercalated cells possess a high density of rod-shaped intra-membrane particles in their luminal membranes. Potassium depletion caused an increase in the relative number of cells with a high density of rod-shaped particles from the control level of 22% to 31% after 2 weeks and to 36% after 4 weeks. The frequency of intercalated cells identified by thin-section criteria was, however, about 35% in controls and unchanged by potassium depletion. This suggests that intercalated cells can have two types of membrane morphology. In potassium depletion, all intercalated cells display a high density of rod-shaped particles in their luminal membranes. In addition, the luminal membrane area of intercalated cells increased more than threefold, and the density of their rod-shaped particles increased by 21%. These observations suggest that the intercalated cell and its rod-shaped particle may be involved with the potassium reabsorption that occurs in this nephron segment with potassium depletion.Modifications morphologiques du canal collecteur du rat consécutives à une depletion en potassium. Le cryo-décapage, la microscopie électronique sur coupes fines et la morphométrie ont été utilisés pour mieux établir la réponse du canal collecteur médullaire du rat à la depletion en potassium. Sur les répliques de cryo-décapage les cellules principales et les cellules intercalaires ont été identifiées à partir de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les cellules intercalaires possèdent une grande densité de particules intra-membranaires luminales en forme de batonnets. La depletion en potassium a déterminé une augmentation du nombre relatif de cellules de ce type de 22% chez les témoins à 33% après 2 semaines et 36% après 4 semaines. La fréquence des cellules intercalaires identifiées sur coupes minces, cependant, était de 35% chez les contrôles et non modifiés par la depletion en potassium. Cela suggère que les cellules intercalaires peuvent avoir deux types de morphologies membranaires. Dans la depletion en potassium toutes les cellules intercalaires ont une grande densité de particules en forme de batonnets dans leurs membranes luminales. De plus, la surface membranaire luminale des cellules intercalaires augmente de plus de trois fois et la densité des particules augmente de 21%. Ces observations suggèrent que les cellules intercalaires et leurs particules en forme de batonnets peuvent être impliquées dans la réabsorption de potassium qui prend place dans ce segment du néphron au cours de la déplétion en potassium

Indications & Warning for Amphibious Ops against Taiwan: Philosophy, Methodology, Applications, Results

NPS NRP Executive SummaryThis research applies an Indications and Warning (I&W) analytical philosophy and methodology to the problem of warning of an amphibious movement against the Island of Taiwan. It identifies the tenets and philosophy behind I&W analysis; the general issues that must be addressed to undertake effective I&W analysis related to an amphibious operation against Taiwan; the alternative warning scenarios and various indicators associated with different types of amphibious attack against Taiwan (i.e., a rough template for the conduct of I&W amphibious analysis); and the issues involved in developing an operational response to warning. The research will culminate in an effort to engage senior line officers about the crucial role played by theater commanders when it comes to utilizing I&W intelligence. Warning only works when commanders are prepared to utilize it.Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)N2/N6 - Information WarfareThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Indications & Warning for Amphibious Ops against Taiwan: Philosophy, Methodology, Applications, Results

NPS NRP Project PosterThis research applies an Indications and Warning (I&W) analytical philosophy and methodology to the problem of warning of an amphibious movement against the Island of Taiwan. It identifies the tenets and philosophy behind I&W analysis; the general issues that must be addressed to undertake effective I&W analysis related to an amphibious operation against Taiwan; the alternative warning scenarios and various indicators associated with different types of amphibious attack against Taiwan (i.e., a rough template for the conduct of I&W amphibious analysis); and the issues involved in developing an operational response to warning. The research will culminate in an effort to engage senior line officers about the crucial role played by theater commanders when it comes to utilizing I&W intelligence. Warning only works when commanders are prepared to utilize it.Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)N2/N6 - Information WarfareThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

ESTIMATED COSTS AND RETURNS FOR CATFISH FARMS WITH RECIRCULATING PONDS ALONG THE UPPER TEXAS COAST

Cost, returns, and economies of scale for small, medium and large catfish farms with recirculating ponds are presented for the upper Texas coast. Internal rates of return are 0.150, 0.183 and 0.219, respectively. Total investment is higher than farms with static ponds but investment per unit production capacity is 7 percent to 16 percent lower. Average total cost per pound is between $0.565 and$0.541, (11 percent –20 percent lower than farms using current technology). These results have implications for regional comparative advantage of catfish production as well as incentive for adoption of new technology in conventional ponds.Aquaculture, Catfish, Economics, Off-flavor, Livestock Production/Industries,

Prospects for Deterrence, Escalation, Coercion and War in the Indo-Pacific

NPS NRP Executive SummaryThis project will provide an assessment of the prospects for war in the Indo-Pacific to inform the Navy strategy in this theater. The project will examine how regional actors assess the prospects for war, specifically their attitudes towards deterrence, escalation management on the use of force at sea, and the implications for possible conflict with Indo-Pacific competitors. The findings in this study will be used to assess the implications for US maritime strategy throughout the region. The study will highlight the need for the Navy to rediscover long-forgotten writings on deterrence, coercion, and strategy to analyze the dimensions of the strategic environment in the Indo-Pacific.N3/N5 - Plans & StrategyThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Prospects for Deterrence, Escalation, Coercion and War in the Indo-Pacific

NPS NRP Project PosterThis project will provide an assessment of the prospects for war in the Indo-Pacific to inform the Navy strategy in this theater. The project will examine how regional actors assess the prospects for war, specifically their attitudes towards deterrence, escalation management on the use of force at sea, and the implications for possible conflict with Indo-Pacific competitors. The findings in this study will be used to assess the implications for US maritime strategy throughout the region. The study will highlight the need for the Navy to rediscover long-forgotten writings on deterrence, coercion, and strategy to analyze the dimensions of the strategic environment in the Indo-Pacific.N3/N5 - Plans & StrategyThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Dating Around: Investigating Gender Differences in First Date Behavior Using Self‐Report and Content Analyses from Netflix

In the current studies, we used qualitative, quantitative, and content analysis to understand which frst date behaviors individuals perceive as critical for landing second dates. In Study 1 (N=100), men and women reported tactics or behaviors that they believed someone of their gender would perform on a successful frst date. We observed that men and women perceive similar behaviors as important to engage in on successful frst dates. Study 2 (N=131) had men and women rate the perceived efectiveness of these tactics. When the behaviors are aggregated, men perceive women who engage in “Involvement” behaviors as better at obtaining sec- ond dates. In contrast, women perceive men who engage in “Etiquette” behaviors as more likely to land second dates. In Study 3, we coded the Netfix show, Dat- ing Around, using the tactics from Study 1 to examine if engaging in these tactics more frequently predicted having a successful date. Results revealed that receiving a second date was not related to an individual’s engagement in these tactics. This research is the frst to attempt to empirically delineate tactics that occur on frst dates and lead to second dates for men and women

If you leave, don\u27t leave now: The role of gender, sociosexuality, and fear of being single on desire to engage in breakup sex

Experiencing a romantic breakup is often a complicated and emotional experience, and in many cases, this emotional ambivalence leads to people having “breakup sex” with their ex-partners. To better understand this complicated relationship stage, we sampled 987 single adults to understand how individual differences in sociosexuality and fear of being single predict one\u27s desire to have breakup sex and previous breakup sex experience. We observed that both men and women who reported more unrestricted sociosexual orientations reported greater desire for breakup sex. However, women—but not men—who reported greater fear of being single reported a greater desire for breakup sex. Lastly, those who reported a more unrestricted sociosexual orientation were more likely to have had breakup sex in the past. Results suggest that both men\u27s and women\u27s desire for casual sex impacts engagement in breakup sex and that women\u27s desire is also motivated by their fear of being single