Sensing the gas metal arc welding process

Control of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) requires real-time sensing of the process. Three sensing techniques for GMAW are being developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). These are (1) noncontacting ultrasonic sensing using a laser/EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) to detect defects in the solidified weld on a pass-by-pass basis, (2) integrated optical sensing using a CCD camera and a laser stripe to obtain cooling rate and weld bead geometry information, and (3) monitoring fluctuations in digitized welding voltage data to detect the mode of metal droplet transfer and assure that the desired mass input is achieved

An approach to quantifying the influence of particle size distribution on buried blast loading

Buried charges pose a serious threat to both civilians and military personnel. It is well established that soil properties have a large influence on the magnitude and variability of loading from explosive blasts in buried conditions. In this study, work has been undertaken to improve techniques for processing pressure data from discrete measurement apparatus; this is performed through the testing of truncation methodologies and the area integration of impulses, accounting for the particle size distribution (PSD) of the soils used in testing. Two experimental techniques have been investigated to allow for a comparison between a global impulse capture method and an area-integration procedure from a Hopkinson Pressure Bar array. This paper explores an area-limiting approach, based on particle size distribution, as a possible approach to derive a better representation of the loading on the plate, thus demonstrating that the spatial distribution of loading over a target can be related to the PSD of the confining material

Layered and segmented system organization (LASSO) for highly reliable inventory monitoring systems (IMS)

The Trilateral Initiative is preparing for International Atomic Energy Agency (LUiA) verification of excess fissile material released itom the defense programs of the United States and the Russian Federation. Following acceptance of the material using an Attribute Verification System, the IAEA will depend on an Inventory Monitoring System to maintain Continuity of Knowledge of the large inventory of thousands of items. Recovery fiom a total loss of Continuity of Knowledge in such a large storage facility would involve an extremely costly inventory re-verification This paper presents the framework for a Layered and Segmented System Organization that is the basis for a highly reliable IMS with protection-in-depth

Roll Maneuver Control of UCAV Wing Using Anisotropic Piezoelectric Actuators

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76333/1/AIAA-2002-1720-656.pd

Recommendation engines: What they are, an empirical investigation of frequency and type of use, and a guide for managers

In 1998, Net Perceptions was one of the first technology providers to offer recommendation engine technology to an online book retailer-Amazon.com. Amazon.com has since become famous for the book and movie recommendation it provides. Today, numerous technology providers offer recommendation engines as stand alone products, as modules to e-commerce systems, and as one of many products included in whole CRM solutions. However, few scholarly journals have reviewed recommendation engine technology. Four years after the dotcom hype ended, little current research has been published that discusses the use and effectiveness of recommendation engines as a marketing tool. This article will include an examination of current recommendation engine technology and its current uses as amarketing tool

Validation of a single-stage submaximal treadmill walking test.

The single-stage treadmill walking test of Ebbeling et al. is commonly used to predict maximal oxygen consumption (.VO(2max)) from a submaximal effort between 50% and 70% of the participant\u27s age-predicted maximum heart rate. The purpose of this study was to determine if this submaximal test correctly predicts .VO(2max) at the low (50% of maximum heart rate) and high (70% of maximum heart rate) ends of the specified heart rate range for males and females aged 18 - 55 years. Each of the 34 participants completed one low-intensity and one high-intensity trial. The two trials resulted in significantly different estimates of .VO(2max) (low-intensity trial: mean 40.5 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), s = 9.3; high-intensity trial: 47.5 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), s = 8.8; P \u3c 0.01). A subset of 22 participants concluded their second trial with a .VO(2max) test (mean 47.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), s = 8.9). The low-intensity trial underestimated (mean difference = -3.5 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); 95% CI = -6.4 to -0.6 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); P = 0.02) and the high-intensity trial overestimated (mean difference = 3.5 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); 95% CI = 1.1 to 6.0 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1); P = 0.01) the measured .VO(2max). The predictive validity of Ebbeling and colleagues\u27 single-stage submaximal treadmill walking test is diminished when performed at the extremes of the specified heart rate range