Development of Electronic Data Processing /EDP/ augmented management system

To tailor the existing Unified Flight Analysis System to management data rather than technical data, a pilot model could be produced in breadboard form, using electronic data processing, in a matter of a few months at very moderate cost. Such a system lends itself to continuous refinement

Expression and Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Human and Rat Pancreatic Islets

As shown by transgenic mouse models and by using phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitors, PDE3B has an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. However, very little is known about the regulation of the enzyme. Here, we show that PDE3B is activated in response to high glucose, insulin and cAMP elevation in rat pancreatic islets and INS-1 (832/13) cells. Activation by glucose was not affected by the presence of diazoxide. PDE3B activation was coupled to an increase as well as a decrease in total phosphorylation of the enzyme. In addition to PDE3B, several other PDEs were detected in human pancreatic islets: PDE1, PDE3, PDE4C, PDE7A, PDE8A and PDE10A. We conclude that PDE3B is activated in response to agents relevant for β-cell function and that activation is linked to increased as well as decreased phosphorylation of the enzyme. Moreover, we conclude that several PDEs are present in human pancreatic islets

In Search of a Trade Mark: Search Practices and Bureaucratic Poetics

Trade marks have been understood as quintessential ‘bureaucratic properties’. This article suggests that the making of trade marks has been historically influenced by bureaucratic practices of search and classification, which in turn were affected by the possibilities and limits of spatial organisation and technological means of access and storage. It shows how the organisation of access and retrieval did not only condition the possibility of conceiving new trade marks, but also served to delineate their intangible proprietary boundaries. Thereby they framed the very meaning of a trade mark. By advancing a historical analysis that is sensitive to shifts, both in actual materiality and in the administrative routines of trade mark law, the article highlights the legal form of trade mark as inherently social and materially shaped. We propose a historical understanding of trade mark law that regards legal practice and bureaucratic routines as being co-constitutive of the very legal object itself

Assays for Insulin and Insulin-Like Signal Transduction Based on Adipocytes, Hepatocytes, and Myocytes

After having established insulin-like activity of compounds/drug candidates in primary or cultured adipose, muscle, and liver cells or tissues with one or several of the metabolic assays described above (see K.6.1 and K.6.2), it is often useful to elucidate the molecular mode of action of these compounds/drug candidates for further characterization and optimization, in particular regarding selectivity and potency. For this, detailed knowledge in the molecular mechanisms of the insulin signal transduction cascade as well as of cross-talking insulin-like signaling pathways as well as the availability of appropriate reliable and robust cell-free and cell-based assays reflecting these events is required. The following view results from the current experimental findings but, due to limitations in space and rapid progress still made in this area, has to be considered as simplified and temporary, only