1,531 research outputs found
The competitive NMDA antagonist CPP protects substantia nigra neurons from MPTP-induced degeneration in primates
Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is the primary histopathological feature of Parkinson's disease. The neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induces a neurological syndrome in man and non-human primates very similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease by selectively destroying dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. This gives rise to the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may be caused by endogenous or environmental toxins. Endogenous excitatory amino acids (EAAs) such as L-glutamate could be involved in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. We report in this study that the competitive NMDA antagonist CPP (3-((+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid) protects nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons from degeneration induced by systemic treatment with MPTP in common marmosets. This indicates that EAAs are involved in the pathophysiological cascade of MPTP-induced neuronal cell death and that EAA antagonists may offer a neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson's disease
Ξutcomes for patients who are diagnosed with breast and endometrial cancer
The present study sought to determine the survival outcomes for women diagnosed with breast and endometrial cancer. Using SEER data, a population-based cohort study of women diagnosed with breast and endometrial cancer was conducted. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were created for disease-specific survival rates. A total of 2,027 women diagnosed with breast and endometrial cancer were identified. Of these, 1,296 (63.9%) developed breast cancer first and 731 (36.1%) developed endometrial cancer first. Regional lymph node involvement was significantly more common with a breast cancer diagnosis [522 (25.8%) women] compared with an endometrial cancer diagnosis [87 (4.3%) women] (P<0.05). Factors associated with decreased survival included a high tumor grade in endometrial cancer, nodal positivity and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (P<0.05 for each). There were 83 (4.1%) mortalities due to breast cancer, 63 (3.1%) mortalities due to endometrial cancer and 178 (8.8%) mortalities due to other causes (P<0.05). In conclusion, for women diagnosed with breast and endometrial cancer, the cumulative risk of mortality at five years following the second cancer diagnosis is nearly four times more likely to be due to breast cancer than endometrial cancer
The neuropeptide complement of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii.
This is the final version of the article. Available from BioMed Central via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: The marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii is emerging as a powerful lophotrochozoan experimental model for evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) and neurobiology. Recent studies revealed the presence of conserved neuropeptidergic signaling in Platynereis, including vasotocin/neurophysin, myoinhibitory peptide and opioid peptidergic systems. Despite these advances, comprehensive peptidome resources have yet to be reported. RESULTS: The present work describes the neuropeptidome of Platynereis. We established a large transcriptome resource, consisting of stage-specific next-generation sequencing datasets and 77,419 expressed sequence tags. Using this information and a combination of bioinformatic searches and mass spectrometry analyses, we increased the known proneuropeptide (pNP) complement of Platynereis to 98. Based on sequence homology to metazoan pNPs, Platynereis pNPs were grouped into ancient eumetazoan, bilaterian, protostome, lophotrochozoan, and annelid families, and pNPs only found in Platynereis. Compared to the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, the only other lophotrochozoan with a large-scale pNP resource, Platynereis has a remarkably full complement of conserved pNPs, with 53 pNPs belonging to ancient eumetazoan or bilaterian families. Our comprehensive search strategy, combined with analyses of sequence conservation, also allowed us to define several novel lophotrochozoan and annelid pNP families. The stage-specific transcriptome datasets also allowed us to map changes in pNP expression throughout the Platynereis life cycle. CONCLUSION: The large repertoire of conserved pNPs in Platynereis highlights the usefulness of annelids in comparative neuroendocrinology. This work establishes a reference dataset for comparative peptidomics in lophotrochozoans and provides the basis for future studies of Platynereis peptidergic signaling.This work was supported by Max Planck Society Sequencing Grant
M.IF.A.ENTW8050 to GJ. The research leading to these results was supported
by the European Research Council under European Union Seventh
Framework Program FP7/2007β2013 and European Research Council Grant
Agreement 260821
A scalable methodology for modeling cities as systems of systems
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-146).As cities evolve in size and complexity, their component systems become more interconnected. Comprehensive modeling and simulation is needed to capture interactions and correctly assess the impact of changes. This thesis presents a methodology for modeling cities from a systems of systems perspective. The framework supplies general modeling guidelines and key steps. Also addressed are the importance of stakeholder interactions, creating the model structure, using smart city sensor data, and applying the methodology to larger, traditional cities. As an initial step, four city modeling including CityNet, CityOne, Sim City 4, and SoSAT software programs were evaluated from both a user and mathematical perspective. From the assessments, a list was developed of features critical to successful city modeling software including visualization, a streamlined user interface, accurate mathematics, the ability to specify systems and attributes, and the ability to model interconnections between systems. SoSAT was selected as the modeling tool for the case study, which involved modeling the Army's Base Camp Integration Laboratory. A model of the camp's baseline configuration was built and the camp was simulated for 30 days with results recorded at one hour intervals. 100 trials were run with averaged results presented by time intervals and for the total simulation time. Results were presented at all levels of structural aggregation. Two sensitivity analyses were conducted to analyze the impact of maintenance personnel and the frequency of potable water deliveries. Adding or subtracting a maintenance person impacted the availability of the generator systems that were being serviced, in turn impacting the performance of the micro grid. Extending the time between deliveries by 24 and 48 hours revealed two systems experienced resource depletions. Lastly, two technology insertions cases were conducted to assess the impact of adding a laundry water reuse system (LWRS) and a solar powered hot water heater (SHWH). The LWRS provided 70% of the laundry system's water needs, significantly reducing dependency upon deliveries. The SHWH was expected to decrease electricity consumption and increase fuel consumption. However, the reduction in energy demand meant fewer generators were needed to power the micro grid and both electricity and fuel consumption decreased.by Amanda M. Wachtel.S.M
Survivin expression in ovarian cancer
Aim: To examine the expression of survivin in benign ovarian tumors, ovarian carcinomas of different stages. Methods: We screened the expression of survivin mRNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 114 ovarian tissue samples. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to estimate survivin mRNA levels in the samples with positive survivin expression. Results: No survivin mRNA was expressed in all normal ovarian specimens, while it appeared in 73% of ovarian carcinomas, 47% of borderline ovarian carcinomas and 19% of benign ovarian tumors. The survivin mRNA expression rate was positively associated with clinical stage (P = 0.026) and differentiation grade (P = 0.049). There was notably statistically significant difference in the survivin mRNA expression rate dependent on different histological types (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, P = 0.008), but not β dependent on lymph node metastasis (P = 0.921) and ascites (P = 0.87). In tissues with positive expression of survivin, we also found that mean survivin mRNA expression levels were higher in ovarian carcinomas than that in benign ovarian tumors and borderline ovarian carcinoma tissues (P < 0.001). Among ovarian carcinomas, the high survivin mRNA expression levels correlated with the clinical stages, differentiation grade, lymph node metastasis, but not β with ascites and histological type. Conclusion: Our study suggest that survivin is associated with progression of ovarian carcinoma.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ RT-PCR Π² 114 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ PCR Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°
Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² 73% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, 47% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ 19% ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (P = 0,026), ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ
(P = 0,049). ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, P = 0,008) ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»Π°Ρ
(P = 0.921) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° (P = 0.87). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅
ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (P < 0,001).
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Comparison of the Effects of Cholesterol or 3Ξ²-Hydroxy-5-Oxo-5,6-Secocholestan-6-Al on the Thermotropic and Structural Properties of Mixtures of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylcholine
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°
Use of the wound healing trajectory as an outcome determinant for acute wound healing
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72454/1/j.1524-475x.2000.00511.x.pd
Cue-induced conditioned activity does not incubate but is mediated by the basolateral amygdala
Re-exposure to drug-associated cues causes significant drug craving in recovering addicts, which may precipitate relapse. In animal models of craving, drug-seeking responses for contingent delivery of drug-associated cues sensitizes or βincubatesβ across drug withdrawal. To date there is limited evidence supporting an incubation effect for behaviors mediated by non-contingent presentation of drug-associated cues. Here we used a model of cue-induced conditioned activity to determine if the conditioned locomotor response to a non-contingent presentation of a drug-associated cue sensitizes across drug withdrawal. In addition, because cue-induced drug-seeking responses are mediated by the rostral basolateral amygdala (BLA), we investigated whether this structure is critical for the expression of cue-induced conditioned activity. A conditioned association between cocaine (15 mg/kg) and a compound discrete cue (flashing bicycle light + a metronome) was established over 12 conditioning sessions in male SpragueβDawley rats. In experiment 1, cue-induced conditioned activity was assessed on 3 occasions: 3, 14 and 28 days following the final drugβcue conditioning session. Cocaine-conditioned rats demonstrated reliable cue-induced conditioned activity across all 3 test sessions, however there was no evidence of an incubation effect. To determine whether repeated testing prevented the observation of an incubation effect, rats in experiment 2 were tested either 3 days or 28 days following conditioning; again no incubation effect was observed. In experiment 3, either saline or the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol was infused prior to testing. Intra-BLA infusions of muscimol prevented the expression of cue-induced conditioned activity. These data support the role of the rBLA in mediating conditioned responses to drug-associated cues. The failure to observe an incubation effect for cue-induced conditioned activity may point to a fundamental difference in the manner by which contingent and non-contingent presentations of drug-associated cues influence behavior
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