インドネシア西ジャワ地方農業地区における河川水の生態リスク評価とWET試験との比較

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第22767号工博第4766号新制||工||1745(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻(主査)教授 米田 稔, 教授 清水 芳久, 准教授 松井 康人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Effect of Electrodeposition Reactor Type on Nickel Recovery from Electroplating Wastewater

AbstractNickel recovery from synthetic electroplating wastewater using electrodeposition reactor has been investigated. The experiment was conducted in batch system using two types of electrodeposition reactors, partitioned reactors using water hyacinth leaf and single chamber reactor, a copper plate cathode size, graphite anode and applied DC voltage of 5 V. The goal of this research was to obtain the best reactor type for nickel electrodeposition from NiSO4 solution. Factors analyzed in the study were the change in pH, conductivity, electric current, cathode mass and nickel concentration in the catholyte. The electrodeposition was carried out during 4 hours. The initial concentration of nickel in the catholyte contained 2,402.19 mg/L. The results showed that the partitioned reactor using of water hyacinth leaf performed better than the single chamber reactor. The partitioned reactor using water hyacinth leaf decreased concentration of nickel in catholyte to 1756.19 mg/L and had the current efficiency of 88.17% with the specific energy of 5.2 kwh/kg nickel

Potential of Obtaining Electrical Energy in the Tofu Waste Treatment Process Through Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

Abstract - The need of energy in Indonesia was increasing and encouraging to develope some efficient   renewable   technology   and   environmental   friendly   researches.   One   of   the alternative energy that can be used is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) works by using microorganisms to degrade organic compounds that can generate electrical energy.   Several   studies   have   been   conducted   on   Single   Chamber   MFC.   In   this   study, conducted to determine the effect of wastewater treatment through Stack Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) on current producing. The system used carbon brush electrode, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) as cation exchanger, tofu liquid waste as source of substrate, and bacterial isolated tofu liquid waste as degrading organic substrate, that has known in system's ability to generate electrical energy as well as reduce COD value. Optical Density (OD) value was measured to determine the metabolic activity of bacteria, with wavelength 570 nm. The research showed that Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) that lasted for 72 hours resulted potential of electrical current  0.96 mA at  Stack MFC and Blank 0,43 mA.  The acquisition of electric current Stack MFC was greater than Blank Single Chamber. In addition, it also decreased Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value in the range of 28-38%. Keywords -  Chemical Oxygen Demand, Current, Microbial Fuel Cell , Stack MFC, Tofu liquid wasteAbstrak  –   Kebutuhan   energi   di   Indonesia   yang   semakin   meningkat,   mendorong dikembangkannya berbagai penelitian berbasis teknologi terbarukan yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu teknologi alternatif yang dikembangkan adalah Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).  Microbial Fuel Cell  (MFC) bekerja dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme untuk mendegradasi   senyawa   organik   sehingga   dapat   menghasilkan   energi   listrik.   Beberapa penelitian   MFC   telah   dilakukan   pada  Single  MFC.   Pada   penelitian   ini   dilakukan pengembangan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengolahan limbah secara Stack Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) terhadap kuat arus yang diproduksi. Sistem ini menggunakan elektroda karbon brush, Proton Exchange Membran (PEM) sebagai penukar kation, limbah cair tahu sebagai sumber   substrat,   dan   isolat   bakteri   asli   limbah   cair   tahu   sebagai   pendegradasi,   sehingga diketahui   kemampuan   dalam   sistem   tersebut   untuk  menghasilkan   energi   listrik   sekaligus menurunkan   nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand   (COD).   Nilai  Optical   Density  (OD)   diukur   untuk   mengetahui   aktivitas metabolisme bakteri, dengan panjang gelombang 570 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses  Microbial Fuel Cell  (MFC) yang berlangsung selama 72 jam menghasilkan potensi kuat arus listrik sebesar 0,96 mA pada  Stack  MFC dan Blanko sebesar 0,43 mA. Dibandingkan dengan Blanko Single Chamber,   perolehan   kuat   arus   listrik  Stack  MFC   lebih   besar. Sistem ini juga menurunkan nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada range 28 – 38 %. Kata Kunci  - Chemical Oxygen Demand, Microbial Fuel Cell , Stack MFC, Limbah Tahu, Kuat Aru

Characteristics and treatment methods for peat water as clean water sources: A mini review

Peatland is spread over the world providing unique organic-rich surface water. This product is called peat water, which is used as a clean source for drinking in several countries after the treatment, specifically in rural areas of Southeast Asia. Therefore, this research aimed to discuss the sources, characteristics, and available literature on peat water treatment (PWT). The results showed that the water contains hydrophobic high molecular weight natural organic matter (NOM) in form of humic and fulvic acids. These acid contaminants caused brownish color and acidic pH of the water. The performance of treatment processes such as filtration, adsorption, and ozonation also reduced the presence of NOM, while several chemical and physical parameters were discussed. Although reports regarding PWT were available, most of them only focused on the removal of standard physicochemical parameters such as color and pH. This was because there is still limited information on the removal of other parameters such as disinfection by-products (DBPs), organic matter fraction, and other emerging contaminants. Therefore, further investigation is needed on the PWT method as a source of clean water

Use of Water and Hygiene Products: A COVID-19 Investigation in Indonesia

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hygiene practices and water consumption in Indonesia. Data were collected through an online survey, supplemented by the official national socio-economic survey. The findings indicate an increase in hygiene practices, particularly handwashing, aligned with health protocols. This behavior led to higher water and hygiene product usage, unaffected by socio-economic factors. Respondents’ perception of COVID-19 and compliance with health protocols drove the increase, with older individuals preferring handwashing with water and younger individuals favoring hand sanitizer. Access to improved drinking water remained stagnant, while bottled water consumption rose. This highlights challenges in achieving the SDG 6 targets for safe drinking water. This study stresses the need to address COVID-19 perception to promote better hygiene practices and raises concerns about increased water usage, domestic pollution, and wastewater management during and after the pandemic. These insights could inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working in public health and water management to achieve SDG 6 goals amidst the pandemic and beyond

Water sources, consumption, and water-related sanitation on Pari Island, Indonesia: a mixed-focus group discussion and survey study

Pari Island has 1,441 inhabitants who are facing major environmental challenges related to water consumption and availability. These challenges may impact water quality and availability in the future. Previous research examining water usage and sanitation behavior on Pari Island remains limited. Since domestic activities dominate in Pari Island, this study evaluated water sources for domestic usage, estimated water consumption, and evaluated sanitation behavior, as well as community behavior and awareness. This study was based on a field survey using a questionnaire involving 317 heads of household, and had focus group discussions. The results revealed that reverse osmosis (RO) water and branded bottled water were the dominant water sources for drinking and food preparation, and RO water had become an important alternative water source for its affordable price. An individual's well water was mostly used for bathing and toilets. Annual water consumption on Pari Island for drinking, food preparation, and water-related sanitation is 24,930.74–29,401.44 m3/year, which still fell within the estimated water capacity of 290,000.48 m3/year, yet problems related to sanitation need special attention with respect to the increasing population. The awareness of the Pari Island community on technological interventions should be an advantage to maintain water sustainability. HIGHLIGHTS Study of water consumption, domestic usage, and sanitation behavior on small island of Pari remains limited.; Annual water consumption on Pari Island for drinking, food preparation, and water-related sanitation still fell within the estimated water capacity.; RO water and branded bottled water were the dominant water sources for drinking and food preparation.; Individual well water was utilized only for bathing and toilet purposes.

Using UV–Vis differential absorbance spectra of tropical peat water DOM fraction to determine trihalomethanes formation potential and its estimated cytotoxicity

Absorbance differential spectra could be utilized to identify dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics such as the disinfection by products (DBPs) formation. This research purposed to establish the relationship between absorbance differential spectra and trihalomethanes-4 (THM4) formation potential, as well as the estimated cytotoxicity of tropical peat water DOM percentage. The ion exchange resin was used to separate the DOM components from peat water. In addition, the UV–Vis spectrum was examined between 200 and 700 nm. The hydrophobic-acid (HPOA) fraction contains the highest concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), THM4 production potential, and calculated cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the hydrophilic-neutral (HPIN) fraction has the lowest potential THM4 production. The UV–Vis absorbance spectra of all DOM fractions showed a comparable peak at 277 nm. The differential spectra of 277 nm (ΔA277) indicated a significant association with DOC concentration (99.6 %), trichloromethane (TCM) creation (86.6 %), total-THM4 (TTHM4) (81.3 %) formation, THM4 estimated cytotoxicity (89.7 %), and a moderate correlation with bromodichloromethane (BDCM) formation (55.6 %). Meanwhile, ΔA277 had a poor correlation with brominated THM4 formation potential (chlorodibromomethane (CDBM): 2.59, tribromomethane (TBM): 2.78 %). The absorbance differential spectra might be employed as a surrogate measure for the peat water DOM fraction and its precursor properties to form THM4 during the chlorination process, as well as its estimated cytotoxicity