Genetic Relatedness Between Batur, Merino and Local Sheep Based on Random Amplyfied Polymorphism DNA Marker

RAPD analysis to determine the diversity, status and genetic close relatioship Batur with Merino, Garut, Thin Tail and Fat Tail sheep genomic DNA was used in 27 Batur, 15 Merino, 17 Garut, 15 Thin Tails and Fat Tails animals. The process of RAPD-PCR used five primers of 10 nucleotides. PCR results were electrophoresed with 2% agarose gel. Identified similarities and differences between individual RAPD bands one and cross-sample of the population, genetic distance and closeness of genetic relationship. The process 89 sample sheep RAPD-PCR generated of 4189 band from 100 to 1500 bp which consisted of 91 type. Batur sheep samples produced bands at most (1666 tape) and the lowest Fat Tails (493 bands). The number monomorfism of bands most of the Batur (891 bands) and the lowest Garut (170 bands), but the polymorphism band\u27s highest of the Batur (775 bands) and the lowest Fat Tails (262 bands). Between individuals within populations have similar genetic Merino highest and the lowest Thin Tail. Cross-population genetic similarity is highest individuals in the population Batur and Merino, while the lowest Merino and Thin Tail. The closest genetic distance was Batur with Merino population and the most apart distant Merino with Thin Tail or Merino and Fat Tails. Batur sheep population has the closest genetic relationship with the Merino and the most apart distant is with Fat Tail. (Animal Production 13(1):30-38 (2011

Virgin Coconut Oil Increases the Productivity of Broiler Chicken Post Avian Influenza Vaccination

. Chicken productivity is not only determined by body weight increase and feed efficiency but also disease resistance. Avian influenza (AI) is still an endemic in Indonesia. Highly mutative characteristic of AI causes unsuccessful vaccination to preventing chicken mortality; therefore, feed modulation alternatives are sought to raise body weight and body immune as well. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains fatty acid potential as antimicrobe and antivirus; VCO intake is therefore expected to increase chicken body immune. This research aimed at feed modulation to increase broiler chicken productivity. Forty broiler chicken of one day old (DOC) were used and the research applied Completely Randomized Factorial Design in which factor one was two vaccine levels namely AI-vaccinated chickens and AI-unvaccinated chickens. Factor two used four levels of VCO: 0, 5, 10, 15 mL/kg feed. DOC chickens were divided into eight treatment groups and repeated in five experiment units. Feed and water were given ad libitum. The result demonstrated that in spite of heterophile increase in AI-vaccinated VCO-given chickens, heterophile/lymphocyte ratio and feed intake were not significantly different among all treatment groups. With the highest body weight found in AI-vaccinated chickens given 10ml/kg feed VCO, it could therefore be concluded that VCO intake of 10mL/kg feed could raise body weight

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors on Utilizing Mobile Health Technology for TB in Indonesia: A Qualitative Pilot Study

Tuberculosis (TB) infections remain a global health burden with a high incidence rate in South-East Asia, including Indonesia. TB control strategy is founded on early case detection and complete treatment to minimize transmission and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. However, many patients face challenges to comply with daily medication, causing many to adhere inconsistently or stop prematurely. Technological solutions could enhance adherence to treatment and support national screening and follow-up policies. These include telephone video communication, enabling health professionals to watch patients take their medication, address patients' concerns, and provide advice and support. This manuscript describes the outcome of a qualitative pilot study, based on a series of focus group discussions to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, on the potential utilization of mobile technology for health purposes with a particular focus on TB treatment follow-up. The findings illustrate that general knowledge of mobile health technologies, of their legal framework of operations, and of their exact potential within the healthcare system is incomplete or poor. The novel findings are as follows: (a) the willingness of participants to learn about these technologies, (b) the open and welcoming attitude toward receiving such information even within frontline community settings, and (c) the willingness to back a government-supported, healthcare-driven set of such initiatives. Potential implementation barriers have also been highlighted. This study is an important first step toward understanding the attitudes and behaviors on utilizing mobile health technology for TB in Indonesia

Expression and Isolation of Recombinant Microneme 3 (MIC3) Protein of Toxoplasma gondii Local Isolate on Eschericia coli (BL21)

Abstract. Toxoplasmosis is a disease that infects all warm-blooded animals, including livestocks and humans caused by Toxoplasma gondii parasites. There are major drugs used for the therapy, though they have some effects to the patients, such as allergy, toxic and teratogenic for fetus. In addition, toxoplasmosis treatment is only effective for tachyzoites T. gondii in acute infection, while tissue cysts cannot be eradicated in chronic toxoplasmosis Tissue cysts of T. gondii contained in meat that are consumed by humans and meat-derived products may be important sources of infection for humans. Microneme protein (MIC) is one of proteins that belongs to excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) of Toxoplasma gondii. Microneme 3 protein (MIC3) is the protein that plays an important role in the invasion process during cell infection as a mediator attachment parasite to the host cell. Recombinant MIC3 protein has been already used for the detection of toxoplasmosis and it could induce humoral and cellular immune response in experimental animals. The aim of this research was to express MIC3 recombinant protein of T. gondii from local isolate that was cloned into expression vector and transformed to E. coli BL21. In the future, recombinant protein MIC3 can be used for vaccine candidate and diagnostic tools for toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Gene of MIC3 T. gondii local isolate (1.2 Kbp) was cloned into expression vector pET-32a(+) (5.9 Kbp) and transformed to Escherichia coli BL21. Protein from plasmid recombinant (7.1 Kbp) was expressed and performed by culturing recombinant bacteria into LB medium containing ampicillin and IPTG. Recombinant protein was isolated by sonication method and identified using SDS-PAGE. Finally, the recombinant protein was analyzed by immunoblotting using anti-ESAs polyclonal antibody. In conclusion, expression of the MIC3 gene with ~108 kDa has been successfully performed by cloning gene encoding for MIC3 protein of T. gondii local isolate that can be identified with polyclonal antibody anti-ESAs. Key Words: Toxoplasma gondii, expression, MIC3 protei

Genetic Diversity of -Casein Gene of Friesian-Holstein Dairy Cattle using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Technique

The objective of the research was to evaluate the genetic varieties of k-Casein gene of Holstein Friesian (HF) in Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Karangploso, Dau, Ngantang and Pujon, Malang, East Java by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (PCR-RFLP) using Pst-l.  The research used Holstein Friesian dairy cows raised by farmers of KUD Karangploso, Dau, Ngantang and Pujon, Malang, East Java. The blood samples were collected from 29 cows. The research activities were carried out by collecting cow’s blood, DNA extraction, and DNA amplification with PCR. PCR products were digested with Pst-l enzyme restrictions, then allele genes of k-Casein were identified. The frequency of allele and genotype of k-Casein gene were calculated by Hardy-Weinberg. The results showed that cows raised by farmers of KUD Karangploso, Dau, Ngantang and Pujon, Malang-East Java had two alleles k-Casein polymorphism, i.e. allele A (0,74) and B (0,26); therefore, two genotypes existed including AA (0,55) and AB (0,38). It can be concluded that genetic diversity of k-Casein gene existed in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows raised by farmers of KUD Ngantang, Pujon, Dau and Karangploso, Malang, East Java. (Animal Production 10(1): 1-4 (2008) Key Words: Pst-1, k-casein gene, PCR-RFL

RFLP Marker Variation of Cytocrome b Gene and Genetic Relationship among Batur, Merino and Local Sheep Breeds

RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene was conducted to determine the diversity, status and close genetic relationships in a population of Batur sheep with the Merino and local sheep breeds (Garut, Thin Tail and Fat Tail). The research used genomic DNA of 27 samples of Batur, 15 Merino, 17 Garut, 15 Thin Tails and 15 Fat Tails sheep. The PCR process used two types of 25 nucleotides primers. The PCR products were checked by using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR DNA fragment was digested by using Hae III at 37 oC and incubated for 10 hours. Similarities and differences of cytochrome b gene RFLP bands between individual samples of one and across populations, genetic distance, and close genetic relationship, were identified. The PCR process of the cytochrome b gene metochondrial DNA of the 45 samples of sheep yielded 359 bp band types. The digestion (cutting) of the PCR products of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene by using Hae III resulted in RFLP band profiles of 128 up to 231 bp polymorphisms of cytochrome b gene. Although the Hae III restriction enzyme recognized only one restriction site, however, between samples of Batur, Merino, Garut, Thin Tail, and Fat Tails, there were monomorphism and polymorphism Hae III loci. Key Words:  RFLP, cytochrome b gene, genetic markers, genetic similarity, Batur shee Animal Production 13(3):156-165 (2011

Polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Ongole Grade Crossed with Simmental Cattle

The present study was conducted to detect polymorphism of growth hormone (GH) gene in Ongole grade crossed with Simmental bull (SIMPO) and its association with growth traits. Blood samples of 62 cattle were taken from population of SIMPO cattle were located in the sub-province region of Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. A 211 bp fragment of GH gene spanning from the forth intron region (49 bp) to fifth of exon (162 bp) was amplified and digested with AluI restriction enzyme to identified polymorphism at this locus. The resulted indicated that two genotypes LL and LV were found at the GH gene in SIMPO population cattle. The frequencies of L and V alleles were 0.82 and 0.18, respectively. In SIMPO calves, the average birth weight, 2 months body weight and daily body weight gains of LV genotypes were tend to higher than that of LL genotypes. (Animal Production 9(2): 53-58 (2007) Key Words : Gene, growth hormone, polymorphism, cattle, SIMP

ANALISIS IMUNOGENISITAS PROTEIN GRA1 DARI HASIL KLONING GEN GRA1 TAKIZOIT Toxoplasma gondii

The study was aimed to analyze the immunogenicity of GRA1 protein derived from clone bearing GRA1 genes from local isolate of Toxoplasma gondii. Analysis of GRA1 protein translated from cDNA of GRA1 is very essential in prior to expressed the gene. Analysis of GRA1 protein derived from clone bearing GRA1 genes was performed using several bioinformatics software which are available as standalone or online software such as CLC Bio Workbench series, BioEdit, BESTORF, GENSCAN, FGENES, BepiPred 1.0, CTL Epitope Finder and SignalP. Translation coding sequences of GRA1 gene into GRA1 peptide sequences revealed 190 amino acids with molecular mass of GRA1 approximately 20.159 kD and isoelectric point at 4.43. GRA1 protein also identified several antigenic domains with six domains were known as epitopes for CD8+/cytotoxic lymphocyte and seven domain as epitopes for B lymphocyte. However, GRA1 protein was considered as good antigen but less immunogenic

Genetic Diversity of -Casein Gene of Friesian-Holstein Dairy Cattle Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Technique

The objective of the research was to evaluate the genetic varieties of k-Casein gene of Holstein Friesian (HF) in Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Karangploso, Dau, Ngantang and Pujon, Malang, East Java by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (PCR-RFLP) using Pst-l. The research used Holstein Friesian dairy cows raised by farmers of KUD Karangploso, Dau, Ngantang and Pujon, Malang, East Java. The blood samples were collected from 29 cows. The research activities were carried out by collecting cow's blood, DNA extraction, and DNA amplification with PCR. PCR products were digested with Pst-l enzyme restrictions, then allele genes of k-Casein were identified. The frequency of allele and genotype of k-Casein gene were calculated by Hardy-Weinberg. The results showed that cows raised by farmers of KUD Karangploso, Dau, Ngantang and Pujon, Malang-East Java had two alleles k-Casein polymorphism, i.e. allele A (0,74) and B (0,26); therefore, two genotypes existed including AA (0,55) and AB (0,38). It can be concluded that genetic diversity of k-Casein gene existed in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows raised by farmers of KUD Ngantang, Pujon, Dau and Karangploso, Malang, East Java. (Animal Production 10(1): 1-4 (2008