L-Visibility Drawings of IC-planar Graphs

An IC-plane graph is a topological graph where every edge is crossed at most once and no two crossed edges share a vertex. We show that every IC-plane graph has a visibility drawing where every vertex is an L-shape, and every edge is either a horizontal or vertical segment. As a byproduct of our drawing technique, we prove that an IC-plane graph has a RAC drawing in quadratic area with at most two bends per edge

西准噶尔紫苏花岗岩成因岩石学研究

Charnockites occur as giant enclaves or pendants(?) in the Miaoergou Batholith, Western Junggar region. These rocks are composed of ortho- and clinopyroxenes, fayalite, perthite, antiperthite, and quartz, and are characterized by positive εNd values (+4.8+5.9). Mineral assemblage, texture and field occurrence indicate an igneous origin for the charnockites.Temperature and pressure estimations give700800 ℃and 45 kb crystallization conditions.The charnockites enclose small surmicaceous enclaves and large banded angular xenoliths. The former are considered as restites, while the latter are equivalent to the country pyroclastic rocks. The positive but lowerεNd values (+2.6+3.5) for the restites require that the juvenile lower crust was the dominant source for charnockitic magma, and parental magma of the charnockites from this source was mixed with some melt from depleted mantle, before crystallization. The voluminous alkaline granites in the region were probably from the same magma source, but crystallized at upper crust depth.紫苏花岗岩呈岩体形式侵入于石炭纪地层中,又为碱长花岗岩侵入.紫苏花岗岩由斜方辉石、单斜辉石、铁橄榄石、条纹长石、石英组成,以正εNd 为特征(εNd=+4.8~+5.8).矿物组成、结构和野外产状表明:这些紫苏花岗岩是火成成因的.温压计算估测其结晶条件是T=700~800 ℃, P=420~575 kPa.紫苏花岗岩中有小的富云母包体和巨大的条带状捕虏体.前者被认为是残留体,后者与其围岩-火山碎屑岩相当.残留体中较低的εNd 正值(εNd=+2.6~+3.5)要求新生的下部地壳是紫苏花岗岩的主要源岩:来自这些源岩的紫苏花岗岩的母岩浆在结晶前与一些来自于亏损地幔中的融体混合.该地区体积巨大的碱性花岗岩可能也来自相同的岩浆源,只不过它是在较浅的地壳深度上结晶的.关键词:新疆;西准噶尔;紫苏花岗岩;富云母包体;碱性花岗岩紫苏花岗岩呈岩体形式侵入于石炭纪地层中,又为碱长花岗岩侵入.紫苏花岗岩由斜方辉石、单斜辉石、铁橄榄石、条纹长石、石英组成,以正εNd 为特征(εNd=+4.8~+5.8).矿物组成、结构和野外产状表明:这些紫苏花岗岩是火成成因的.温压计算估测其结晶条件是T=700~800 ℃, P=420~575 kPa.紫苏花岗岩中有小的富云母包体和巨大的条带状捕虏体.前者被认为是残留体,后者与其围岩-火山碎屑岩相当.残留体中较低的εNd 正值(εNd=+2.6~+3.5)要求新生的下部地壳是紫苏花岗岩的主要源岩:来自这些源岩的紫苏花岗岩的母岩浆在结晶前与一些来自于亏损地幔中的融体混合.该地区体积巨大的碱性花岗岩可能也来自相同的岩浆源,只不过它是在较浅的地壳深度上结晶的.published_or_final_versio

A review towards finding a simplified approach for modelling the kinetics of the soluble microbial products (SMP) in an integrated mathematical model of membrane bioreactor (MBR)

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) tend to accumulate in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems as a consequence of high membrane rejection and apparently low biodegradability within the wastewater treatment system. The extension of the activated sludge models (ASMs) with SMPs, therefore, has received crucial importance in recent days, particularly considering their potential use as indicators of the membrane fouling propensity. This paper presents a critical review of the formation and degradation kinetics of SMP subdivisions that have so far been used for the mathematical modelling of MBR. The paper identified a simplified approach to incorporate the kinetics of the SMP formation and degradation in the general mathematical models of MBR. It suggested that the inclusion of only four additional linear differential equations in the ASM1-SMP integrated mathematical model could simulate well the effluent quality and membrane fouling prediction. The model would also serve as a useful tool in optimizing operation conditions for better treatability and fouling control. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

Membranes coupled with physico chemical treatment in water reuse

In this study, short-term experiments were conducted with different configurations of membrane hybrid systems to treat biological treated sewage effluent containing refractory organic pollutants: (i) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration (SMF) alone; (ii) spiral flocculator (SF)-SMF without settling; (iii) SF-PAC-SMF without settling and (iv) SMF with magnetic ion exchange resin MIEX® pretreatment. The results indicated that the pre-flocculation of SF could improve the mitigation of membrane fouling significantly even when the system was operated at a high membrane filtration rate. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) of SF-PAC-SMF only increased marginally (0.8 kPa over 8 hours). SF-SMF without the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) also took a relatively long duration for the TMP to increase. The TMP only increased by 2.5 kPa over 8 hours. The SF-PAC-MF system resulted in a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of more than 96%. When used as pre-treatment to submerged membranes, the fluidized bed MIEX® contactor could remove a significant amount of organic matter in wastewater. This pre-treatment helped to reduce the membrane fouling and kept the TMP low during the membrane operation. © IWA Publishing 2010

Reducing combinatorial uncertainties: A new technique based on MT2 variables

We propose a new method to resolve combinatorial ambiguities in hadron collider events involving two invisible particles in the final state. This method is based on the kinematic variable MT2 and on the MT2-assisted-on-shell reconstruction of invisible momenta, that are reformulated as `test' variables Ti of the correct combination against the incorrect ones. We show how the efficiency of the single Ti in providing the correct answer can be systematically improved by combining the different Ti and/or by introducing cuts on suitable, combination-insensitive kinematic variables. We illustrate our whole approach in the specific example of top anti-top production, followed by a leptonic decay of the W on both sides. However, by construction, our method is also directly applicable to many topologies of interest for new physics, in particular events producing a pair of undetected particles, that are potential dark-matter candidates. We finally emphasize that our method is apt to several generalizations, that we outline in the last sections of the paper.Comment: 1+23 pages, 8 figures. Main changes in v3: (1) discussion at the end of sec. 2 improved; (2) added sec. 4.2 about the method's dependence on mass information. Matches journal versio

Feasibility of iron loaded 'okara' for biosorption of phosphorous in aqueous solutions

This study investigated the feasibility of using soybean milk by-products (okara) as a sustainable biosorbent for phosphate removal in water and wastewater. The results show that raw okara could hardly decontaminate phosphate from aqueous solutions. Hence, in this work, okara was modified by being cationized using FeCl3 0.25M (namely iron loaded okara, ILO) to enhance the phosphorus adsorption capacity. The phosphate sorption onto ILO was well achieved under the conditions of pH 3, initial phosphorous concentration of 25mg/L, biosorbent dose of 20mg/L and contact time of 7h. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate by ILO was 4.785mg/g. The effects of interfering anions were in the order of CO32->SO42->NO3 It was also observed that Fe(III) was detached during operation. This problem can hinder the sustainable usability of ILO. Thus, further research would be necessary for improving the modification method. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

Finite-temperature Gutzwiller projection for strongly correlated electron systems

We generalized the Gutzwiller projectional variational method for the ground state of strongly correlated electron systems to the case of finite temperature. Under the Gutzwiller approximation, we show that this maps to a finite temperature renormalized mean-field theory. As one of the key ingredients in the theory, we obtained an explicit expression of the projection entropy or the entropy change due to the projection. We illustrate the application of the theory to the Anderson impurity problem and the half-filled Hubbard model and compare the theory to more elaborate techniques. We find qualitative agreement. The theory can be applied to a wide variety of Hubbard, t-J, and Anderson impurity models. © 2010 The American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio

New proposed conceptual mathematical models for biomass viability and membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor

The production and accumulation of soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and colloidal inert compounds within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) may greatly affect the biomass viability and subsequently the permeability of the membrane. This paper aims at presenting new mathematical models of biomass viability and membrane fouling that has been conceptually developed through establishing links between these biomass parameters and operating parameters of the MBR. The proposed models can be used to predict the biomass viability and membrane fouling at any state of operation of MBR. Meanwhile, easily measurable parameters of the proposed model can also serve to estimate SMP/EPS concentration in the supernatant of MBR without the tedious and expensive measurement. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

Ocean temperature and salinity components of the Madden-Julian oscillation observed by Argo floats

New diagnostics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) cycle in ocean temperature and, for the first time, salinity are presented. The MJO composites are based on 4 years of gridded Argo float data from 2003 to 2006, and extend from the surface to 1,400 m depth in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The MJO surface salinity anomalies are consistent with precipitation minus evaporation fluxes in the Indian Ocean, and with anomalous zonal advection in the Pacific. The Argo sea surface temperature and thermocline depth anomalies are consistent with previous studies using other data sets. The near-surface density changes due to salinity are comparable to, and partially offset, those due to temperature, emphasising the importance of including salinity as well as temperature changes in mixed-layer modelling of tropical intraseasonal processes. The MJO-forced equatorial Kelvin wave that propagates along the thermocline in the Pacific extends down into the deep ocean, to at least 1,400 m. Coherent, statistically significant, MJO temperature and salinity anomalies are also present in the deep Indian Ocean

Intermedin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in the rat testis

First reported as a vasoactive peptide in the cardiovascular system, intermedin (IMD), also known as adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), is a hormone with multiple potent roles, including its antioxidant action on the pulmonary, central nervous, cardiovascular and renal systems. Though IMD may play certain roles in trophoblast cell invasion, early embryonic development and cumulus cell-oocyte interaction, the role of IMD in the male reproductive system has yet to be investigated. This paper reports our findings on the gene expression of IMD, its receptor components and its protein localization in the testes. In a rat model, bacterial lippolysaccharide (LPS) induced atypical orchitis, and LPS treatment upregulated the expression of IMD and one of its receptor component proteins, i.e. receptor activity modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). IMD decreased both plasma and testicular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, attenuated the increase in the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), rescued spermatogenesis, and prevented the decrease in plasma testosterone levels caused by LPS. The restorative effect of IMD on steroidogenesis was also observed in hydrogen peroxide-treated rat primary Leydig cells culture. Our results indicate IMD plays an important protective role in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, suggesting therapeutic potential for IMD in pathological conditions such as orchitis.published_or_final_versio