An advanced modification of dynamic gravitation

The equations for the specification of the curvature of space-time are inherent in the general theory of relativity (GTR). However, despite its enormous success, there are a number of difficulties with GTR. Standard GTR is mathematically very complex, and it predicts the formation of black hole singularities. Here we reformulate the equations for gravitation by mathematically defining the equations for the curvature of space-time. We then translate this curvature back into equations for the force of gravity. By using the original equations for calculating the curvature of space-time used in GTR, we can translate the equations for gravitation, back into equations for a modified force of Newtonian gravity. Using worked examples, we show that such an adaptation of gravity, gives results which technically give the same results as GTR, in the mass range of the solar system. At the same time, an analysis of the data shows that with binary pulsars, the new equations can give improved results to GTR. In the case of high mass gravitational objects such as black holes, by using this advanced modified dynamic gravitation, AMDG, these equations also specifically resolve the difficulties of the formation of singularities

Flying on the wings of genius: a chronicle of modern physics: Book 2

This book is a must read for everyone interested in the future role and direction of science. It begins with the description of the new discoveries made at the turn of the previous century, which have culminated in the scientific knowledge we have today.The book then discusses the fundamental constants of Nature and how they inter-relate and why they may have come to be what they are. This second book compliments and adds a vast new tranche of knowledge to Book I of the series, but is at the same time entirely readable in its own right. As it chronicles the development of modern science it opens a new window on our understanding of science at the most fundamental level of knowledge

On the wings of genius: a chronicle of modern physics: Book 1

Book description: This book is an essential guide for anyone inquiring about the present and future place of science in humankind's destiny. The subject is the the history and explanation of modern physics. Every so often science moves by large leaps, sometimes spurred by the realization that the commonly held beliefs of the day need revising.One such great change occurred at the turn of the twentieth century, when there was a revolution in modern scientific thinking. Here the genius and ironies behind those discoveries are described. This book has great clarity and removes the shrouds of mystery, which envelop one of contemporary science's greatest challenges. It finds answers to the deepest questions of modern phsyics and ultimately describes a unified design of the Universe, which has truth beauty and symmetry

Radio and X-ray observations of an exceptional radio flare in the extreme z=4.72 blazar GB B1428+4217

We report on the extreme behaviour of the high redshift blazar GB B1428+4217 at z=4.72. A continued programme of radio measurements has revealed an exceptional flare in the lightcurve, with the 15.2 GHz flux density rising by a factor ~3 from ~140 mJy to ~430 mJy in a rest-frame timescale of only ~4 months -- much larger than any previous flares observed in this source. In addition to new measurements of the 1.4-43 GHz radio spectrum we also present the analysis and results of a target-of-opportunity X-ray observation using XMM-Newton, made close to the peak in radio flux. Although the X-ray data do not show a flare in the high energy lightcurve, we are able to confirm the X-ray spectral variability hinted at in previous observations. GB B1428+4217 is one of several high-redshift radio-loud quasars that display a low energy break in the X-ray spectrum, probably due to the presence of excess absorption in the source. X-ray spectral analysis of the latest XMM-Newton data is shown to be consistent with the warm absorption scenario which we have hypothesized previously. Warm absorption is also consistent with the observed X-ray spectral variability of the source, in which the spectral changes can be successfully accounted-for with a fixed column density of material in which the ionization state is correlated with hardness of the underlying power-law emission.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepte

Social drivers as predictors of yoghurt consumption in China

A survey of yoghurt consumption by female consumers in Beijing showed 42% consuming often, 26% occasionally and 32% never. Consumers were generally younger and more driven by materialistic values than non-consumers. Social drivers are presented as a 1001 for marketers to predict the use of consumer products

Consumers` sensory and nutritional perceptions of three types of milk

Objective: To identify consumer perceptions of whole milk, reduced-fat milk and soy milk, and to investigate demographic influences on perceptions and types of milk consumption. Design and setting: Questionnaires covering nutritional and sensory perceptions of three types of milk.Subjects: Three hundred and sixty-one randomly selected shoppers in Melbourne, Australia.Results: Generally, respondents held positive perceptions about milk. Milk was considered as having good sensory properties, providing a good source of nutrients, and being a convenient and safe product. However, despite these findings, misperceptions and unawareness about the nutrient content of milk were prevalent. Negative perceptions were most common for whole milk and were mostly related to its perceived high fat, cholesterol and energy contents. Soy milk received lower ratings on sensory quality and convenience than dairy milk. There were few sociodemographic differences in consumers\u27 perceptions. Although reduced-fat milk consumption was more frequent among elderly people and type of milk consumption was related to parenthood, no other significant effects of demographic variables were found on the consumption of specific milk types.Conclusion: Although positive perceptions were common, negative perceptions and misperceptions appear to be prevalent, presenting a challenge for nutrition education. Sociodemographic factors were not shown to be important predictors of perceptions and type of milk consumption

The Obscured X-ray Background and Evolution of AGN

The X-ray Background has been resolved in the 0.5-5keV band and found to consist mostly of both unabsorbed and absorbed AGN with column densities <1e23. This contrasts with the local AGN population where the column density range extends to Compton-thick objects and beyond (>1e24). Stacking analysis of the integrated emission of sources detected by XMM-Newton in the Lockman Hole, and by Chandra in the CDF-N and S reveals that the resolved fraction of the X-ray Background drops above 6keV and is about 50% above 8keV. The missing flux has the spectrum of highly absorbed AGN, making it likely that the range of column density at redshift one is similar to that locally, and that many AGN are as yet undetected in well-studied fields.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, to appear in "Growing Black Holes", eds. A. Merloni, S. Nayakshin, R. Sunyaev, Springel-Verlag series of "ESO Astrophysics Symposia