Stresses in the vicinity of an un-reinforced mitre intersection: an experimental and finite element comparison

The experimental investigation reported provides elastic stresses in the vicinity of the unreinforced intersection of a single 90° mitred bend, subjected to an in-plane bending moment. The specimen was extensively strain gauged on the outer surface. A small number of rosettes were also laid on the inside surface close to the welded intersection. The procedures used for the successful installation of the inside surface gauges are discussed. In the experiment, consideration was also given to deflections and rotations. Satisfactory comparisons with adaptive-p thin-shell finite element results were obtained in general and differences are explained in terms of the known experimental variables and finite element approximations. The nature of the stresses at such intersections is discussed and various methods of obtaining fatigue 'hot-spot' stresses are considered

Spatiotemporal properties of multiscale two-dimensional ows

The extraordinary complexity of turbulence has motivated the study of some of its key features in flows with similar structure but simpler or even trivial dynamics. Recently, a novel class of such flows has been developed in the laboratory by applying multiscale electromagnetic forcing to a thin layer of conducting fluid. In spite of being stationary, planar, and laminar these flows have been shown to resemble turbulent ones in terms of energy spectra and particle dispersion. In this thesis, some extensions of these flows are investigated through simulations of a layer-averaged model carried out using a bespoke semi-Lagrangian spline code. The selected forcings generalise the experimental ones by allowing for various kinds of self-similarity and planetary motion of the multiple scales. The spatiotemporal structure of the forcings is largely reflected on the flows, since they mainly arise from a linear balance between forcing and bottom friction. The exponents of the approximate power laws found in the wavenumber spectra can thus be related to the scaling and geometrical forcing parameters. The Eulerian frequency spectra of the unsteady flows exhibit similar power laws originating from the sweeping of the multiple flow scales by the forcing motions. The disparity between fluid and sweeping velocities makes it possible to justify likewise the observed Lagrangian power laws, but precludes a proper analogy with turbulence. In the steady case, the absolute dispersion of tracer particles presents ballistic and diffusive stages, while relative dispersion shows a superquadratic intermediate stage dominated by separation bursts due to the various scales. In the unsteady case, the absence of trapping by fixed streamlines leads to appreciable enhancement of relative dispersion at low and moderate rotation frequency. However, the periodic reversals of the large scale give rise to subdiffusive absolute dispersion and severely impede relative dispersion at high frequency

The new journeyman: The role of an expert learner in eliciting and transmitting skilled knowledge

This paper presents interim research findings of a project which seeks to elicit the skilled knowledge of master craftsmen through use of an expert learner (Horne) acting as intermediary between the craftsmen and a designer (Wood) creating a multimedia resource to support those wishing to learn the skill. It builds on previous research that evolved a set of principles for the design of multimedia learning materials (Wood & Rust 2003) and moved on to develop techniques for elicitation of expert knowledge from craft masters (Wood 2006). The skills involved in undertaking such craft practice involve a high degree of tacit knowledge which is internalised and frequently difficult for the craft expert to articulate. The expert learner has the ability to learn new skills with minimal instruction then articulate those skills before they become too internalised. The role of designer is to assist with this articulation and develop interpretation suitable for transmitting the knowledge to novice learners. This research focuses on the skills of traditional custom knife makers in Sheffield; Horne has worked alongside two traditional craftsmen, video recorded by Wood. Together they have collaborated to analyse the recordings and develop learning materials to disseminate the craft skill. These are currently being developed and tested using a small group of learners with some one-to-one teaching followed by self-directed development work using an on-line resource. The main finding for this stage of the research was that, as Horne had relatively recently acquired this knowledge, it had not become too internalised and she was able to rapidly adapt her understanding of it to improve transmission to the learners in a manner that had not been demonstrated by more experienced craft practitioners. The interactions between Horne and the learners were mediated by Wood, facilitating reciprocal reflection between the them and designing ‘bridges’ to help transmit the knowledge to future generations of learners. Keywords: Multimedia Design; On-Line Learning; Tacit Knowledge; Craft Skills; Knowledge Elicitation</p

An impact evaluation framework: Local government community festivals

This article brings together the author's previous research and consultancy along with a review of literature from several disciplines to develop a framework that summarizes the concepts, methods, and processes required to successfully evaluate the impacts of local government community festivals. Events and festivals are a relatively underresearched area but have experienced a growing amount of public sector expenditure. The framework developed and presented here is in response to the need to encourage greater evaluation of this activity and in doing so recognize the complexity of the process. The impacts of many such festivals are diverse (economic, social, environmental), far reaching (local, national, international), and long term. The evaluation of these impacts, therefore, requires an understanding of the concepts involved and the development of a range of tools and methods. The proposed framework is informed by the empirical research, theory, and practice in the areas of information systems, marketing communications, event studies, and public sector evaluation. Bringing together these distinct but related fields of study has enabled the development of a comprehensive and novel approach to event impact evaluation. Copyright © 2009 Cognizant Comm. Corp

EXPLORING THE DECLINE IN THE MALE SHARE OF COLLEGE ENROLLMENT: WHAT IT SAYS ABOUT MASCULINITY

This paper explores the declining male share of enrollment in higher education and the implications for the economy, society, and gender relations. The United States, like many other developed nations, places high emphasis on producing college-educated individuals. The hope is that an investment in a college education will increase a person’s human capital and in turn, yield higher salary returns in the labor market. In the early 20th century, women were excluded from college, and thus male college enrollment exceeded female enrollment. Since the 1980s, however, the college gender gap has declined and is now reversed with men a minority of college enrollees (DiPrete & Buchmann, 2013). The gender gap in higher education has occurred simultaneously with rising labor market and education incentives, suggesting that men are not responding to these increased returns, as seen by the recent slowdown in men’s enrollment (DiPrete & Buchmann, 2013). This paper explores the factors that have contributed to this shift in enrollments. To do so, I present an economic regression analysis using panel data from national higher education institutions as well as macro-level data and sociological variables to explore the determinants of the declining share of male enrollment. The results may be useful in addressing the causes of this trend, and in identifying policies to remedy the problem

Textural and Lithologic Differences of Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary Gravels of South Arkansas

Stream gravels have been derived from the Ouachita Mountains since at least Cretaceous times. Past studies have assigned ages to gravel deposits in the basins of the Saline and Little Missouri Rivers on the basis of altitude above local floodplains. This study examines the lithologies and textures of seven gravel outcrops ranging in age from Cretaceous to Quaternary to determine whether any patterns of variation based on assigned ages, variable sources, or precise depositional setting can be discerned. No variation patterns could be found for size distributions of sand-sized and larger fractions. However, the amount of silt-clay matrix decreases through time from a high of 24% in Cretaceous samples to 6% in Holocene materials. The ratio chert: sandstone (C:S) varies irregularly. Roundness and sphericity are lowin Cretaceous samples, and uniformly higher in later materials, though the highest mean roundness found was in a Cretaceous sample. Purple chert clasts occur only in Cretaceous samples, where the percentage of red chert is also higher. Most chert in Cenozoic deposits is brown. These differences are attributed to age and weathering. Those above depend on the source area and its distance from the depositional site

Britannia’s Shield: Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Hutton and Late-Victorian Imperial Defence (Book Review) by Craig Stockings

Review of Britannia’s Shield: Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Hutton and Late-Victorian Imperial Defence by Craig Stocking

Jesu Maria 1960

The massive bell, resting on the rug in their living-room amid its travelling - wrappings, was much larger than they had expected. The girl and her mother felt their cottage grow smaller like a rock surrounded by rising tide. They were not inclined to discuss the bell in its presence, lest their minds turn on them with salty and even rude criticism from the inanimate thing\u27s point of view; but they noticed for the first time how poor was the view from their windows, which did not look to sea. It was a great iron bell, with rust scoured thin to dust of Orient cinnamon; and on the inside, except where the tongue had struck, it was incrusted with salt. Around it a band of raised iron words said, Jesu Maria 1690, with no comma between