549 research outputs found
Human-Wildlife Interactions in Bryce Canyon National Park
Public lands such as National Parks protect some of America’s most spectacular and iconic natural, cultural, and historic landscapes. These lands are managed with a goal of preserving their unique features for the recreational use of the public. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects, if any, that public visitation has on these natural systems. This study investigated human-wildlife interactions in Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA), Utah in order to better understand factors that lead to human-wildlife conflicts and how the attitudes and perceptions of visitors affect their actions towards wildlife.
Observations of human-wildlife interactions were observed and measured against current National Park Service (NPS) guidelines. Factors including location, time, wildlife species, outcome, and number of visitors involved were recorded. Analyses were conducted to determine which factors influenced the probability of a human-wildlife conflict occurring. Results showed that golden-mantled ground squirrels (GMGS) were significantly more likely to be involved in a conflict than any other species and interactions taking place at the Inspiration Point location were significantly less likely to result in a conflict than any other location. Ultimately, the data suggest that while both location and species are important factors, this is a species driven system where the specific species involved in a human-wildlife interaction has the most significant effect on whether the encounter results in a conflict.
To better understand the motivations behind human-wildlife interactions, a visitor questionnaire was administered with ten questions regarding demographics, experiences, planning, and human-wildlife interactions from May to August of 2015 in popular stops within the park. In total, 224 questionnaires were completed with slightly more than half of responses coming from U.S. residents and the remainder from fourteen different foreign countries. A question asking respondents to select from a matrix consisting of potential reactions to encountering different wildlife species was used as the response variable.
Findings from our analysis revealed that international visitors were significantly more likely than U.S. visitors to select inappropriate responses regarding interactions with wildlife. Visitors who selected that they would enjoy seeing a certain species were generally more likely to select inappropriate interactions for those than other species. Also, international visitors ranked photographing wildlife as more important than U.S.visitors while U.S. visitors ranked learning about the history of BRCA and learning about nature as more important than international visitors. Finally, visitors who identified seeing and photographing wildlife as important motivations for their visit also selected a higher number of inappropriate responses to questions regarding encounters with wildlife. Combining the interactions, I observed with the results about visitors’ motivations, this study provides new insight into understanding the causes of human-wildlife conflicts in BRCA and suggestions for efficient strategies to help mitigate the problem
Lessons from the Lost History of \u3ci\u3eSeminole Rock\u3c/i\u3e
This Article informs the current debate over Auer v. Robbins (519 U.S. 452 (1997)) deference by exploring the roots of the Bowles v. Seminole Rock decision (325 U.S. 410 (1945)) and its subsequent reinterpretation through a creative approach. To do so, this Article offers a series of hypothetical opinions applying the various historical interpretations of Seminole Rock to a single set of facts.
Part I places Seminole Rock in the constellation of deference doctrines in administrative law so that one can easily understand what the doctrine is and when it applies. Part II examines the transformation of Seminole Rock through a series of hypothetical D.C. Circuit opinions based on the facts of Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center (133 S. Ct. 1326 (2013)). These opinions illustrate how courts have struggled to apply this expansive and untethered doctrine in the face of a growing administrative state.
Part III offers observations from this exercise and urges reconsideration of Auer deference to reconcile the current doctrine with Seminole Rock\u27s historical roots
4He experiments can serve as a database for determining the three-nucleon force
We report on microscopic calculations for the 4He compound system in the
framework of the resonating group model employing realistic nucleon-nucleon and
three nucleon forces. The resulting scattering phase shifts are compared to
those of a comprehensive R-matrix analysis of all data in this system, which
are available in numerical form. The agreement between calculation and analysis
is in most cases very good. Adding three-nucleon forces yields in many cases
large effects. For a few cases the new agreement is striking. We relate some
differencies between calculation and analysis to specific data and discuss
neccessary experiments to clarify the situation. From the results we conclude
that the data of the 4He system might be well suited to determine the structure
of the three-nucleon force.Comment: title changed,note added, format of figures changed, appearance of
figures in black-and-white changed, Phys. Rev. C accepte
Crystalline Bi4Ge3O12 fibers fabricated by micro-pulling down technique for optical high voltage sensing
AbstractCommonly optical high voltage sensors employ the Pockels effect in a bulk electro-optic crystal such as Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO). Typically, the maximum crystal length is 100-200mm and determined by the limits of the conventional growth technique (Czochralski). In this paper we report on the growth by a micro-pulling down technique of long single crystalline BGO fibers as an alternative to bulk crystals and their characterization for voltage sensing. The fiber thickness may range from a few 100ÎĽm to a few mm. The parameters needed for stable growth over the entire length of the crystal were analyzed and optimized. Thin rods with a length of up to 850mm were grown. Samples were characterized with respect to homogeneity of growth, residual birefringence (BGO is free of natural birefringence), crystal orientation, and performance under voltage
Properties of Be and C deduced from the folding--potential model
The -- differential cross sections are analyzed in the
optical model using a double--folded potential. With the knowledge of this
potential bound and resonance--state properties of --cluster states in
Be and C as well as astrophysical S--factors of
He(,)Be and Be(,)C are
calculated. --widths and B(E2)--values are deduced.Comment: 2 pages LaTeX, 2 figures can be obtained from the author
An atom fiber for guiding cold neutral atoms
We present an omnidirectional matter wave guide on an atom chip. The
rotational symmetry of the guide is maintained by a combination of two current
carrying wires and a bias field pointing perpendicular to the chip surface. We
demonstrate guiding of thermal atoms around more than two complete turns along
a spiral shaped 25mm long curved path (curve radii down to 200m) at
various atom--surface distances (35-450m). An extension of the scheme for
the guiding of Bose-Einstein condensates is outlined
Random telegraph fluctuations in granular microwave resonators
Microwave circuit electrodynamics of disordered superconductors is a very active research topic spawning a wide range of experiments and applications. For compact superconducting circuit elements, the transition to an insulating state poses a limit to the maximum attainable kinetic inductance. It is, therefore, vital to study the fundamental noise properties of thin films close to this transition, particularly in situations where a good coherence and temporal stability is required. In this paper, we present measurements on superconducting granular aluminum microwave resonators with high normal state resistances, where the influence of the superconductor to insulator phase transition is visible. We trace fluctuations of the fundamental resonance frequency and observe, in addition to a 1/f noise pattern, a distinct excess noise, reminiscent of a random telegraph signal. The excess noise shows a strong dependency on the resistivity of the films as well as the sample temperature but not on the applied microwave power
Relation between the phenomenological interactions of the algebraic cluster model and the effective two--nucleon forces
We determine the phenomenological cluster--cluster interactions of the
algebraic model corresponding to the most often used effective two--nucleon
forces for the O + system.Comment: Latex with Revtex, 1 figure available on reques
Microscopic study of 4-alpha-particle condensation with proper treatment of resonances
The 4-alpha condensate state for ^{16}O is discussed with the THSR
(Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Roepke) wave function which has alpha-particle
condensate character. Taking into account a proper treatment of resonances, it
is found that the 4-alpha THSR wave function yields a fourth 0^+ state in the
continuum above the 4-alpha-breakup threshold in addition to the three 0^+
states obtained in a previous analysis. It is shown that this fourth 0^+
((0_4^+)_{THSR}) state has an analogous structure to the Hoyle state, since it
has a very dilute density and a large component of alpha+^{12}C(0_2^+)
configuration. Furthermore, single-alpha motions are extracted from the
microscopic 16-nucleon wave function, and the condensate fraction and momentum
distribution of alpha particles are quantitatively discussed. It is found that
for the (0_4^+)_{THSR} state a large alpha-particle occupation probability
concentrates on a single-alpha 0S orbit and the alpha-particle momentum
distribution has a delta-function-like peak at zero momentum, both indicating
that the state has a strong 4-alpha condensate character. It is argued that the
(0_4^+)_{THSR} state is the counterpart of the 0_6^+ state which was obtained
as the 4-alpha condensate state in the previous 4-alpha OCM (Orthogonality
Condition Model) calculation, and therefore is likely to correspond to the
0_6^+ state observed at 15.1 MeV.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, submitted to PRC
Alpha cluster condensation in 12C and 16O
A new -cluster wave function is proposed which is of the
-particle condensate type. Applications to C and O show
that states of low density close to the 3 resp. 4 -particle threshold
in both nuclei are possibly of this kind. It is conjectured that all
self-conjugate 4 nuclei may show similar features.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables, 2 figure
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