Die filosofie van Smuts en Boodin.

Die werk van generaal Smuts, baie goed bekend omder die titel ,,Holism and Evolution” , en sy artikel oor ,,Some recent scientificadvances in their bearing on philosophy” in ,,Our Changing worldview”, as ook die werke van J. E. Boodin, professor in die wysbegeerteaan die Universiteit van California, Los Angeles, ,,Cosmic Evolution 1925, ,,Three interpretations of the Universe” 1934 en ,,God” 1934, toon die besondere en kenmerkende gedagtegamg vandie filosofie van die laaste tiental jare aan. Die kenmerkende is dit dat dit ’in filosofie is van sintese of, soos Whitehea

Autotransplantation of the lung: experimental studies on the cape baboon

Autotransplantation of the left lung was performed on 15 adult baboons with an 8-day survival rate of 80% and a long-term survival rate of 60%. On 5 of the survivors a subsequent contralateral pneumonectomy was performed without mortality. Most deaths occurred early in the series due to technical problems. A surgical technique has been standardized and with further experience in this field the mortality associated with autotransplantation of the lung in baboons should be less than 10%. Xenon-l33 ventilation-perfusion studies of the transplanted lung demonstrated a significant reduction in perfusion, and to a lesser extent of ventilation. Ventilation rapidly recovered towards normal but perfusion only approached normal values several months after transplantation. These physiological alterations may be due to the denervation attendant upon complete removal of tlu lung with reimplantation. The jilt! imbalance does not appear to be of major consequence when a contralateral pneumonectomy is performed. The autotransplanted lung appears to be a valuable model for studying the effects of lung transplantation alone, without the problems of rejection. These studies seem to be particularly valuable in the primate who closely resembles the human anatomically and physiologically. Further studies are currently in progress

Applying the trigger review method after a brief educational intervention: potential for teaching and improving safety in GP specialty training?

<p>Background: The Trigger Review Method (TRM) is a structured approach to screening clinical records for undetected patient safety incidents (PSIs) and identifying learning and improvement opportunities. In Scotland, TRM participation can inform GP appraisal and has been included as a core component of the national primary care patient safety programme that was launched in March 2013. However, the clinical workforce needs up-skilled and the potential of TRM in GP training has yet to be tested. Current TRM training utilizes a workplace face-to-face session by a GP expert, which is not feasible. A less costly, more sustainable educational intervention is necessary to build capability at scale. We aimed to determine the feasibility and impact of TRM and a related training intervention in GP training.</p> Methods We recruited 25 west of Scotland GP trainees to attend a 2-hour TRM workshop. Trainees then applied TRM to 25 clinical records and returned findings within 4-weeks. A follow-up feedback workshop was held. <p>Results: 21/25 trainees (84%) completed the task. 520 records yielded 80 undetected PSIs (15.4%). 36/80 were judged potentially preventable (45%) with 35/80 classified as causing moderate to severe harm (44%). Trainees described a range of potential learning and improvement plans. Training was positively received and appeared to be successful given these findings. TRM was valued as a safety improvement tool by most participants.</p> <p>Conclusion: This small study provides further evidence of TRM utility and how to teach it pragmatically. TRM is of potential value in GP patient safety curriculum delivery and preparing trainees for future safety improvement expectations.</p&gt

Genetics of cereal adaptation to the man-made habitat

The wild progenitor species of all cereals are known with various degrees of ceninty. Wild and cultivated taxa of the same species cross and their hybrids are generally fertile. This allows for a study of the genetics of domestication. A survey of the literature. however. reveals few such studies. The adaptation to disturbed habitats is genetically complex. and colonizing ability seems to have been a prerequisite for successful domestication. Natural seed dispersal is controlled by one to several linked genes, and behaves genetically as an overall dominant over loss of efficient seed dispersal mechanisms. Apical dominance, synchronized tillering. and increase in fecundity are complex, recessive genetic traits associated with cereal domestication. Racial evolution resulted from conscious selection by man and involves numerous loci

Cereals For The Semi-Arid Tropics

The region of semi-arid tropics is the most famine prone area of the world. This reglon with nearly one billion people extends across some 20 million square kilometrer. Major domesticated cereals adapted to semi-arid regions are sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L ) Moench), foxtail millet (Seraria rralica (L.)P . Bcauv.) and pearl miller (Pcnn~scrumg laucum (L.) R. Br.). Several minor cereals arc grown as speciality crops, or harvested in the wild in times of severe drought and scarcity. lmponant in the African Sahel are the fonios Digiraria ibum Sfapf. D. exilis (Kapist) Smpf and Brachiana dejlexa (Schurnach.) C.E. Hubbard. These species arc aggressive colonizers and are commonly encouraged as weeds in cultivated fields. Sown genotypes differ from their close wild relatives primarily in the lack of efficient natural seed dispersal. The fonios lend themselves to rap~dd omestication. Several wild cereals extend well beyond the limits of agriculfure into the Sahara. Commonly harvested are the perennial Sripagrosris pungens and Panicum rurgidum, and the annual Cenchrur brj7orvs (kram-kram). Kram-kram yields well under extreme heat and drought stress. and holds promise as a domesticated cereal. Sauwi millet (Panicurn sononun) is promising cereal in arid northwestern Mexico

The effect of a budget deficit on inflation: The case of Tanzania

The Tanzanian economy has remained one of the limited numbers of countries that has experienced a relatively high inflation rate, accompanied by high fiscal deficits for a prolonged period in the absence of any hyperinflation. This paper examines the deficit-inflation relationship in the Tanzanian economy and establishes the causal link that runs from the budget deficit to the inflation rate usingcointegration analysis over the period 1967-2001. Some dynamic simulations are done to gauge the effect of a change in the budget deficit and gross domestic product on inflation over time. Due to monetisation of the budget deficit, significant inflationary effects are found for increases in the budget deficit

Development Studies Working Paper, no. 47

This Working Paper contains the results of a pilot investigation undertaken in 1986/87 in selected areas of the Keiskammahoek District of Ciskei. The pilot study was undertaken in order to compile a comprehensive plan for a long-term study of the Keiskammahoek District as a whole. Such a study would be designed to analyse socio-economic and political changes which have taken place in the District, measured against the results of a major multidisciplinary research project (The Keiskammahoek Rural Survey) which was undertaken in the area between 1948 and 1950. The existence of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey affords a unique opportunity for comparative social science research, particularly because it is well known that substantial changes have taken place in the District. However, the precise nature and scale of the changes were unknown; hence, the decision to conduct a pilot survey first. The results of the pilot survey, published here, have turned out to be extremely valuable in formulating proposals for a subsequent on-going research undertaking; and have fully justified the time and money devoted to the exploratory investigation which constituted the basis of the pilot project.Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER