Comparison of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on the eradication of helicobacter pylori infection, serum inflammatory factors and total antioxidant capacity

Helicobacter pylori infection, the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world, and an important cause of gastrointestinal disorders, may be involved in the pathogenesis of some extra-gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as an increase in blood levels of certain inflammatory markers. Anti-bacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids have been studied in several research studies. The purpose of the present study was the comparison of the effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication, serum levels of some inflammatory markers and total antioxidant capacity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 97 Helicobacter pylori positive patients (64 patients in the two intervention groups and 33 in the control group), received 2 grams daily of Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid or Medium Chain Triglyceride oil as placebo, along with conventional tetra-drug Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen, for 12 weeks. Helicobacter pylori eradication test and measurement of concentration of interleukine-6, interleukine-8, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total antioxidant capacity were performed after the intervention. There was no significant difference in eradication rate of the infection, levels of interleukine-6 and total antioxidant capacity among the three groups, while the levels of interleukine-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were statistically different. Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation had no significant differential impact on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, and serum levels of interleukine-6 and total antioxidant capacity. However, it had a desirable effect on the levels of interleukine-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. © 2015 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

The effect of harvesting techniques and cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial function of human coronary artery bypass grafts

Endothelial dysfunction is a common pathophysiological feature which develops in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases. Strategies to maintain a healthy endothelium or to reverse endothelial dysfunction are crucial for the normal function of the cardiovascular system and the maintenance of cardiovascular health. Endothelial dysfunction is observed both in the coronary and peripheral vasculature. Studies have demonstrated that surgical preparation of coronary artery bypass grafts can cause endothelial dysfunction and influence the viability and patency of these grafts. An important consideration in the improvement of surgical techniques is to prevent damage to the endothelium during harvesting and implantation. The relative influence of the Mayo stripper minimally invasive long saphenous vein (LSV) harvesting technique and the influence of internal mammary artery (IMA) pedicle width in preserving the integrity of endothelial function are uncertain. Increased production of reactive oxygen species, in particular, superoxide and radicals derived from superoxide, has been associated with endothelial dysfunction in animal models of disease, and there is increasing evidence of a link between oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in humans. It has been reported that endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress may predict future events in patients with coronary artery disease. However, concurrent and comparative data on endothelial function, direct measures of superoxide in human vessels, and biomarkers of oxidative stress are not available simultaneously in patients with coronary artery disease nor in control subjects with no documented cardiovascular disease. Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress have been investigated in patients with essential hypertension and in control subjects, but the relationship between these markers and endothelial function has not been examined. In addition, although the degree of endothelial function has been consistently linked to the number of risk factors present in patients with coronary artery disease, the relative importance of individual risk factors in determining levels of oxidative stress and endothelial function remains uncertain. To address these questions, this thesis studied the influence of harvesting techniques and cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial function of human blood vessels commonly used in coronary artery bypass grafting

Implicación del hidroxitirosol, tirosol y escualeno en la prevención del cáncer de mama humano. Evaluación en modelos celulares in vitro

[ES]Las especies reactivas del oxígeno (EROs), causantes del daño oxidativo intracelular, incluido el daño al ADN, pueden desencadenar procesos tumorales. El consumo habitual del aceite de oliva virgen (AOV), típico en la Dieta Mediterránea, está asociado a una menor incidencia de determinados tipos de cáncer, incluido el de mama, pudiendo reducir los efectos de las EROs.El hidroxitirosol, tirosol y escualeno son tres de los principales componentes de la fracción minoritaria del AOV, cuyas propiedades podrían participar de este efecto preventivo. El trabajo desarrollado en esta tesis versa en el estudio comparativo de la acción de estos componentes sobre modelos celulares humanos de mama tumorales (MCF-7 y MDA-MB-231) y no tumorales (MCF10A). Los resultados obtenidos muestran una acción diferencial de estos tres compuestos: Sobre células tumorales no se ha detectado modulación alguna y Sobre células no tumorales son importantes protectores ante el estrés oxidativo.[EN]Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause molecular oxidative damage including DNA oxidative damage being responsible of tumorigenesis. Several studies have related Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) ingestion, usual in Mediterranean diet, to a low incidence of cancers, including breast cancer. VOO may act reducing ROS levels. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and squalene, three of the main minor compounds present in VOO, may participate in the breast cancer prevention attributed to VOO. The experiments developed in this thesis are aimed to study the effect of these compounds in human breast MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared with the effect in human breast epithelial MCF10A cells. Our results show a different action of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and squalene between tumor and no tumor cells: The three compounds fail to exert modulation in breast tumor cells, The three compounds act as efficient free radical scavenger in epithelial breast cells, preventing tumorigenesis.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Leída el 29 de enero de 201