1,444 research outputs found
Monitoring RXTE Observations of Markarian 348: the origin of the column density variations
We analyze 37 RXTE observations of the type 2 Seyfert galaxy Mrk348 obtained
during a period of 14 months. We confirm the spectral variability previous
reported by Smith et al., in the sense that thecolumn density decreases by a
factor of ~3 as the count rate increases. Column density variations could
possibly originate either due to the random drift of clouds within the
absorption screen, or due to photoionization processes. Our modeling of the
observed variations implies that the first scenario is more likely. These
clouds should lie in a distance of >2 light years from the source, having a
diameter of a few light days and a density of >10^7 cm^(-3), hence probably
residing outside the Broad Line Region.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in MNRA
Understanding novice teachers’ perspectives on China’s sexuality education: a study based on the national pre-service teacher education programme
Good quality sexuality education is crucial for promoting young people’s sexual health and wellbeing. Teachers, as trusted resources of knowledge and skills, play a critical role in supporting young people’s sexual wellbeing. This study set out to investigate Chinese novice teachers’ perspectives on sexuality education. Interviews were conducted with 30 novice teachers who had graduated from a national pre-service teacher education programme in China. Results were analysed from a gender perspective. This study identified three specific capabilities teachers valued regarding delivering sexuality education in the classroom. A gender difference in teachers’ perceptions of the three capabilities was found. Additionally, four main constraints limited teachers to deliver sexuality education, and the interplay between these constraints and gender and broader sociocultural factors, is discussed. Results suggest that policy steps need to be taken in the education sector to reorient the current examination-dominated culture. In addition, an eco-system which engaged parents, students and the wider community should be built at school level. Meanwhile, teacher education programs need to shift attention to building teachers’ cross-curricular competences. Finally, a gender-sensitive approach is needed to address the influence of gender differences on teachers’ classroom practices
XMM-Newton Observation of the Black Hole Microquasar GRS 1758-258
The XMM-Newton X-ray observatory pointed the galactic black hole candidate
and microquasar GRS 1758-258 in September 2000 for about 10 ks during a program
devoted to the scan of the Galactic Center regions. Preliminary results from
EPIC MOS camera data are presented here. The data indicate that the source
underwent a state transition from its standard low-hard state to an
intermediate state. For the first time in this source the ultra-soft component
of the accretion disk, which black hole binaries display in intermediate or
high-soft states, was clearly detected and measured thanks to the high spectral
capabilities of XMM-Newton.Comment: To appear in the Proc. of the Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium,
4-6 April 2001, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.. American Institute of Physics
(AIP) series: 5 pages, 6 PS figures, latex, uses aipproc.cls aipproc.st
Classroom dialogue and digital technologies: A scoping review
AbstractThis article presents a systematic scoping review of the literature focusing on interactions between classroom dialogue and digital technology. The first review of its type in this area, it both maps extant research and, through a process of thematic synthesis, investigates the role of technology in supporting classroom dialogue. In total, 72 studies (published 2000–2016) are analysed to establish the characteristics of existing evidence and to identify themes. The central intention is to enable researchers and others to access an extensive base of studies, thematically analysed, when developing insights and interpretations in a rapidly changing field of study. The discussion illustrates the interconnectedness of key themes, placing the studies in a methodological and theoretical context and examining challenges for the future.</jats:p
X-ray Spectroscopy of Candidate Ultracompact X-ray Binaries
We present high-resolution spectroscopy of the neutron star/low-mass X-ray
binaries (LMXBs) 4U 1850-087 and 4U 0513-40 as part of our continuing study of
known and candidate ultracompact binaries. The LMXB 4U 1850-087 is one of four
systems in which we had previously inferred an unusual Ne/O ratio in the
absorption along the line of sight, most likely from material local to the
binaries. However, our recent Chandra X-ray Observatory LETGS spectrum of 4U
1850-087 finds a Ne/O ratio by number of 0.22+/-0.05, smaller than previously
measured and consistent with the expected interstellar value. We propose that
variations in the Ne/O ratio due to source variability, as previously observed
in these sources, can explain the difference between the low- and
high-resolution spectral results for 4U 1850-087. Our XMM-Newton RGS
observation of 4U 0513-40 also shows no unusual abundance ratios in the
absorption along the line of sight. We also present spectral results from a
third candidate ultracompact binary, 4U 1822-000, whose spectrum is well fit by
an absorbed power-law + blackbody model with absorption consistent with the
expected interstellar value. Finally, we present the non-detection of a fourth
candidate ultracompact binary, 4U 1905+000, with an upper limit on the source
luminosity of < 1 x 10^{32} erg s^{-1}. Using archival data, we show that the
source has entered an extended quiescent state.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication to the Astrophysical
Journa
Variable X-ray Absorption in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 348
We present RXTE monitoring observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 348
spanning a 6 month period. The time-averaged spectrum in the 3-20 keV band
shows many features characteristic of a Compton-thin Seyfert 2 galaxy, namely a
hard underlying power-law continuum (photon index = 1.8) with heavy soft X-ray
absorption (N_h ~ 10^23 cm^-2) plus measureable iron line emission (equivalent
width ~ 100 eV) and, at high energy, evidence for a reflection component (R <
1). During the first half of the monitoring period the X-ray continuum flux
from Mrk 348 remained relatively steady. However this was followed by a
significant brightening of the source (by roughly a factor of 4) with the
fastest change corresponding to a doubling of its X-ray flux on a timescale of
about 20 days. The flux increase was accompanied by a marked softening of X-ray
spectrum most likely attributable to a factor 3 decline in the intrinsic
line-of-sight column density. In contrast the iron line and the reflection
components showed no evidence of variability. These observations suggest a
scenario in which the central X-ray source is surrounded by a patchy
distribution of absorbing material located within about a light-week of the
nucleus of Mrk 348. The random movement of individual clouds within the
absorbing screen, across our line of sight, produces substantial temporal
variations in the measured column density on timescales of weeks to months and
gives rise to the observed X-ray spectral variability. However, as viewed from
the nucleus the global coverage and typical thickness of the cloud layer
remains relatively constant.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
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