Native American Tourism in Montana

This professional project is composed of three magazine articles on the topic of Native American tourism in Montana. The first article is about Blackfeet artist Leonda Fast Buffalo Horse, a successful porcupine quill artist over the past 15 years, and the prospect of cultural tourism in Browning. The second article explores three Native American groups and how they are using tourism to create changes on the Crow and Northern Cheyenne Reservations. The third article examines German tourists, the largest group of overseas visitors to Montana, and the irony as to why several groups are making a profit from the German tourists’ interests in the Indian culture except for the Montana tribes

Demonstration and Comparison of Operation of Photomultiplier Tubes at Liquid Argon Temperature

Liquified noble gases are widely used as a target in direct Dark Matter searches. Signals from scintillation in the liquid, following energy deposition from the recoil nuclei scattered by Dark Matter particles (e.g. WIMPs), should be recorded down to very low energies by photosensors suitably designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Liquid Argon based detectors for Dark Matter searches currently implement photo multiplier tubes for signal read-out. In the last few years PMTs with photocathodes operating down to liquid Argon temperatures (87 K) have been specially developed with increasing Quantum Efficiency characteristics. The most recent of these, Hamamatsu Photonics Mod. R11065 with peak QE up to about 35%, has been extensively tested within the R&D program of the WArP Collaboration. During these testes the Hamamatsu PMTs showed superb performance and allowed obtaining a light yield around 7 phel/keVee in a Liquid Argon detector with a photocathodic coverage in the 12% range, sufficient for detection of events down to few keVee of energy deposition. This shows that this new type of PMT is suited for experimental applications, in particular for new direct Dark Matter searches with LAr-based experiments

The Argon Dark Matter Experiment (ArDM)

The ArDM experiment, a 1 ton liquid argon TPC/Calorimeter, is designed for the detection of dark matter particles which can scatter off the spinless argon nuclei. These events producing a recoiling nucleus will be discerned by their light to charge ratio, as well as the time structure of the scintillation light. The experiment is presently under construction and will be commissioned on surface at CERN. Here we describe the detector concept and give a short review on the main detector components.Comment: Proceedings of 4th Patras workshop (DESY) on Axions, Wimps and Wisps (4 pages, 4 figures

The influence of ESG ratings on the Nordic stock market

ESG-investeringer har de siste årene vært en trend i finansmarkedene med aggressiv vekst og etterspørselen etter rapporter og ikke-finansiell data som beskriver selskapenes forhold til bærekraft har vært stor. Børsnoterte selskaper blir rangert og vurdert basert på deres ESGhensyn, og med bakgrunn i det nevnte, ønsket vi i denne oppgaven å undersøke om selskaper med høye ESG-rangeringer er mer lønnsomme enn selskaper med lavere ESG-rangeringer. I tillegg til dette var første kvartal i 2020 preget av et stort fall i markedet, og i kjølvannet av denne perioden er det spekulert i om ESG var en faktor for nedsidebeskyttelse. Dette dannet grunnlaget for vår oppgave og er noe vi har undersøkt nærmere i våre modeller. Norden er valgt som vårt undersøkelsesområde og vi undersøker følgelig sammenhengen mellom nordiske selskaper med høye ESG-rangeringer, avkastning og risiko.ESG investments have in recent years been a trend in financial markets and the demand for reports and non-financial data describing the companies' relationship to sustainability has been highly desirable by investors. Listed companies are ranked and rated based on their ESG considerations, and based on the statement above, we want in this study to investigate whether companies with high ESG rankings are more profitable than companies with lower ESG rankings. In addition, the first quarter of 2020 was characterized by a large fall in the stock market, and in the wake of this period it has been speculated whether ESG was a factor for downside protection. This forms the basis for our models and is something we have investigated in our models. The Nordic region has been chosen as our research area and we are examining the connection between Nordic companies with high ESG rankings, risk and returns.M-Ø

Luminescence quenching of the triplet excimer state by air traces in gaseous argon

While developing a liquid argon detector for dark matter searches we investigate the influence of air contamination on the VUV scintillation yield in gaseous argon at atmospheric pressure. We determine with a radioactive alpha-source the photon yield for various partial air pressures and different reflectors and wavelength shifters. We find for the fast scintillation component a time constant tau1= 11.3 +- 2.8 ns, independent of gas purity. However, the decay time of the slow component depends on gas purity and is a good indicator for the total VUV light yield. This dependence is attributed to impurities destroying the long-lived argon excimer states. The population ratio between the slowly and the fast decaying excimer states is determined for alpha-particles to be 5.5 +-0.6 in argon gas at 1100 mbar and room temperature. The measured mean life of the slow component is tau2 = 3.140 +- 0.067 microsec at a partial air pressure of 2 x 10-6 mbar.Comment: 7 pages submitted to NIM

Stable operation with gain of a double phase Liquid Argon LEM-TPC with a 1 mm thick segmented LEM

In this paper we present results from a test of a small Liquid Argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber (LAr LEM-TPC). This detector concept provides a 3D-tracking and calorimetric device capable of charge amplification, suited for next-generation neutrino detectors and possibly direct Dark Matter searches. During a test of a 3~lt chamber equipped with a 10$\times$10~cm$^2$ readout, cosmic muon data was recorded during three weeks of data taking. A maximum gain of 6.5 was achieved and the liquid argon was kept pure enough to ensure 20~cm drift (O(ppb)~O$_2$ equivalent).Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Proc. of 1st International Workshop towards the Giant Liquid Argon Charge Imaging Experiment (GLA2010), Tsukuba (Japan), March 201