A novel soft clustering algorithm

AbstractPaper clustering problems in citation network is one of the hottest spots in data mining. However, traditional paper clustering algorithm stresses on the keywords analysis while ignores the “refer-to” relationship, which results in the problem of high time complexity and low accuracy. In this paper, we come up with a novel soft clustering algorithm in accordance with the complex priority and thegrouth theorem, and classify our algorithm into two steps: refer-to relationship analysis and keywords comparison. Experimental results show that our algorithm is able to greatly improve the search accuracy and efficiency

The Determinants of Tax Evasion: A Literature Review

In theory, the maximization of fiscal revenue is the main administrative goal of any government of any country in any period. It is no doubt that tax evasion has weakened the government’s tax and lowered the ability of government to provide public goods. Additionally, the tax evasion also causes some other problems being adverse to the economic development. For example, the tax evasion distorts the tax system, increasing the deadweight loss. While increasing the government’s law enforcement costs, it also reduces the government tax revenue and the ability to repay. Therefore,  to study the determinants of tax evasion is very important for us

Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Zn-Doped SnO 2

Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results of FESEM and TEM showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites are composed of numerous nanoparticles with the size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm. The specific surface area of the as-prepared Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites is estimated to be 71.53 m2/g by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB), and the resulting showed that Zn-doped SnO2/Zn2SnO4 nanocomposites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity due to their higher specific surface area and surface charge carrier transfer

A Photoelectrochemical Sensor for the Sensitive Detection of Cysteine Based on Cadmium Sulfide/Tungsten Disulfide Nanocomposites

In this work, a CdS-nanoparticle-decorated WS2 nanosheet heterojunction was successfully prepared and first used to modify ITO electrodes for the construction of a novel photoelectrochemical sensor (CdS/WS2/ITO). The thin-film electrode was fabricated by combining electrophoretic deposition with successive ion layer adsorption and reaction techniques. The results indicated that the synthesized heterojunction nanomaterials displayed excellent photoelectrochemical performance which was much better than that of pristine CdS nanoparticles and 2D WS2 nanosheets. Owing to the formation of the surface heterojunction and the effective interfacial electric field, the enhanced separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs led to a remarkable improvement in the photoelectrochemical activity of CdS/WS2/ITO. This heterojunction architecture can protect CdS against photocorrosion, resulting in a stable photocurrent. Based on the specific recognition between cysteine and CdS/WS2/ITO, through the specificity of Cd-S bonds, a visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical sensor was fabricated for cysteine detection. The novel photoelectrochemical biosensor exhibited outstanding analytical capabilities in detecting cysteine, with an extremely low detection limit of 5.29 nM and excellent selectivity. Hence, CdS-WS2 heterostructure nanocomposites are promising candidates as novel advanced photosensitive materials in the field of photoelectrochemical biosensing

Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Cysteine Based on Au Nanoparticle-Decorated ZnO@graphene Quantum Dots

In this work, Au nanoparticle-decorated ZnO@graphene core–shell quantum dots (Au-ZnO@graphene QDs) were successfully prepared and firstly used to modify an ITO electrode for the construction of a novel photoelectrochemical biosensor (Au-ZnO@graphene QDs/ITO). Characterization of the prepared nanomaterials was conducted using transmission electron microscopy, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction method. The results indicated that the synthesized ternary nanomaterials displayed excellent photoelectrochemical performance, which was much better than that of ZnO@graphene QDs and pristine ZnO quantum dots. The graphene and ZnO quantum dots formed an effective interfacial electric field, enhancing photogenerated electron–hole pairs separation and leading to a remarkable improvement in the photoelectrochemical performance of ZnO@graphene QDs. The strong surface plasmon resonance effect achieved by directly attaching Au nanoparticles to ZnO@graphene QDs led to a notable increase in the photocurrent response through electrochemical field effect amplification. Based on the specifical recognition between cysteine and Au-ZnO@graphene QDs/ITO through the specificity of Au-S bonds, a light-driven photoelectrochemical sensor was fabricated for cysteine detection. The novel photoelectrochemical biosensor exhibited outstanding analytical capabilities in detecting cysteine with an extremely low detection limit of 8.9 nM and excellent selectivity. Hence, the Au-ZnO@graphene QDs is a promising candidate as a novel advanced photosensitive material in the field of photoelectrochemical biosensing

The Evidential Reasoning Approach to Medical Diagnosis using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Dempster-Shafer Theory

For medical diagnosis, fuzzy Dempster-Shafer theory is extended to model domain knowledge under probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainty. However, there are some information loss using discrete fuzzy sets and traditional matching degree method. This study aims to provide a new evidential structure to reduce information loss. This paper proposes a new intuitionistic fuzzy evidential reasoning (IFER) approach which combines intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and inclusion measure to improve the accuracy of representation and reasoning. The proposed approach has been validated by a stroke diagnosis. It is shown that the IFER approach leads to more accurate results

Economic Analysis on the Rational Allocation of Agricultural Production Factors in Henan Province

Based on the population floating theory under the Ranis-Fei dual economic structure, this paper designs an econometric model to study the isoquant curve and production factor substitution law. Finally, through the empirical analysis of labor-capital investment in Henan's agricultural production, combined with the principles of isoquant curve model, this paper determines the labor required for a certain scale of investment in agricultural production, and concludes that the fixed assets investment in Henan's agricultural production is not fully utilized, and too much labor is transferred. And this paper makes the corresponding policy recommendations for Henan's macroeconomic development

Activation pretreatment of low-grade Ti-slag by alkali roasting: anticaking technique and kinetics of decomposition

The caking of roasting products is a serious problem in the activation pretreatment of low-grade Ti-slag by alkali roasting, which could lead to low heat transfer efficiency and low Ti conversion. In this study, an efficient anticaking technique was developed. This technique involved low-grade Ti-slag desilication and anticaking additive introduction. Optimum Ti conversion conditions in alkali roasting with KMnO4 as an anticaking additive were obtained through an orthogonal test. Approximately 99% of titanium in the low-grade Ti-slag could be decomposed at a loosening extent of roasting products of >90% in the presence of 4wt% KMnO4 as an anticaking additive. Kinetic study showed that an unreacted shrinking core model could be used to describe the decomposition of low-grade Ti-slag in alkali roasting with KMnO4 as an anticaking additive. Decomposition kinetics were characterized in two sequential stages: decomposition occurred relatively fast in the initial stage and became slower in the second stage. A mechanism of two-stage decomposition was proposed, i.e.,the reaction rate was controlled by a chemical reaction initially and then was controlled by inner/ash layer diffusion. Apparent activation energies were 53.6kJ/mol in the first stage and 65.9kJ/mol in the second stage, respectively. (c) 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd